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The researchers investigated only on the comparison between Zamias and Dolan as to which is the better decontrolling agent. This study concentrated only on the use of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus erasures which is a gram negative and a gram- positive bacteria respectively. Significance of the Study This study will be conducted to determine the Overran blimp (zamias) and Citrus uranium Lain. (Dolan) acidity to be used as an alternative decolonize in Gram Staining. In the world of Medical Technology, practice of repairing smears on a slide is a part of it.The ethanol-alcohol mixture is commonly used as decolonize, but there is a necessary need for finding an alternative decolonize. The need for finding an alternative decolonize will be more environmental friendly. This project is aimed to produce a natural stain decolonize for plant and animal tissues that is inexpensive and whose sources are indigenous, abundant and more efficient way in finding a natural substance that will ma tch the components in the alcohol. Setting of the study The study will be conducted in Centre Escalator University located in Medical, Manila.Centre Escalator University is a private, non-sectarian higher education institution with an enrolment of over 20,000 students in its three campuses; Manila, Magmata, and Mallows. Centre Escalator University was founded on June 3, 1 907 by Library Availing and Carmen De Ulna and was originally called Centre Escalator De Senoritas. The research will be conducted at Centennial Research Laboratory at Conception Caligula Hall and Generous De Leon Science Center at Centre Escalator University. Conceptual framework The Gram stain is the most important and universally used staining technique in the bacteriology laboratory (S.W. Joseph, et. L. 2000). In relation to the study, the researchers decided to make an alternative decolonize for Gram staining with the use of the fruit extract of Zamias and Dolan which is commonly found in the Philippines. The process will include the extraction procedure using a juicer to obtain the extract. The fruit extract of Zamias and Dolan will undergo photochemical property screening. The Gram staining procedure will entail the use of Staphylococcus erasures and Escherichia coli that will serve as test organisms to test the effectiveness of Zamias and Dolan as a decolonize.Definition of terms Antibacterial. Useful in curing or preventing the action of harmful bacteria. Ascorbic acid. Vitamin C that is present in citrus fruits and synthetically manufactured fruits. Decentralization. The process of removing stains or coloring agents. Escherichia coli. Bacterium found in human intestine. Gram staining. It is the procedure in microbiological used to differentiate between gram positive organisms and gram negative organisms. Osmotic pressure. It is the pressure required to prevent the passage of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low concentration of solute.Oxalic acid. Used for ble aching or as a clearing agent. Pedagogical. Polymer that is composed of polysaccharide and peptide chains found in bacterial cell wall. Phylogeny. It is the evolutionary origin and development of a particular group of organism. Photochemical property. Property or chemical components relating to plants. Smear. A preparation of substance for microscopic examination. Staphylococcus erasures Species of non-motile bacteria living on skin and mucous membrane. Sapiens. Any of several naturally occurring water soluble glycoside, able to form a ladder. Susceptible.It is the increase likelihood of being affected by, a physical or mental disease or disorder. CHAPTER 2 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS Overran blimp (Zamias) belongs to the genus Overran, family Oxidative (Babushka et al. , 2013). Other name of Overran bimbo include Creole: bumbling plum, billion ; English: blimp, cucumber tree, tree sorrel ; Filipino: zamias; French : blimp, billion coralberry blimp. Zamias is a small tree, growing 5 to 1 2 meters high with a short trunk dividing into a number of upright branches. Leaves are pinnate, 20 to 60 centimeters long, with hairy archaic and leaflets.Leaflets are opposite, 10 to 70 pairs, oblong, 5 to 10 centimeters in length. Panicle growing from the trunk and larger branches are hairy, 15 centimeters long or less. Flowers are about 1. 5 centimeters long, and slightly fragrant. It bears flowers which are small, fragrant, 5-pedaled, yellowish-green or purple marked with dark purple. Fruit is green and edible, about 4 centimeters long, subliminally, or with 5 obscure, board, rounded, longitudinal lobes (Bras, 2001). The outer skin is glossy, very thin, soft and tender and the flesh is green, jelly-like, juicy and extremely acidic.Young fruits are green in color which turns yellowish as they ripe (Roar et al. , 2009). The blimp is a native of the Mollusks and cultivated throughout Indonesia and semi-wild every. â€Å"here in the Philippines and much grown in Ceylon and Burma. It is commonly found in Brazil, Cuba, Philippines, Sir Lankan, Bangladesh, Manner and Malaysia. In 1793, the blimp was very popular among the Asiatic residents of those countries as it must be in Hawaii. (Babushka, et al. , 2013). Overran fruits are acidic and with high fiber content and are rich sources of vitamin C, antioxidants and are low in fat.Overran fruits are high in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and potassium (Babushka et al. 2013). Overran fruits are rich sources of vitamin C, antioxidants and are low in fat. The fruit contains potassium oxalate or high levels of oxalic acid which may be used to remove iron-rust stain from clothes and to impart shine to brassieres. Chemical constituents include amino acids, citric acid, candying-3-O-b-D-glycoside, phenols, potassium ion, sugars, and Vitamin A (Rarity et al. , 2011). Fruit extract yield flavorings, sapiens ND torpedoing. Bark yields alkaloids, sapiens, and flavorings.The oxalic acid in blimp range between 10. 5 and 14. OMG/g in green fruit and 8. 45 to 10. MGM/g in ripe fruit, levels comparable to those reported from tea leaves. Because of high oxalic acid content, fruit used to remove stains from clothing and for washing hands, removing rust and stains from metal blades. Extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. Coli, S. Typhoid, S. erasures and B. Cereus. It can also be used as a dietary ingredient to treat hyperglycemia and a potential source for the isolation of active principle for cancer therapy. It is also a potential source of intolerability drug.The activity may be caused by either or both of the steroidal glycoside and potassium oxalate constituents. Babushka, et al. , 201 3) Dolan (Citrus uranium), belongs to the family Reeducate, it is a small, erect tree with smooth, greenish white shots with spine-scent thorns. It is an aromatic variety of citrus that produces highly bitter, acidic fruits. Leaves are oblong to supplicate, 10 centimeters long by about 4 centimeters w ide Petiole is narrowly winged. Flowers are white, bisexual, solitary or few clustered, smooth and growing from the upper most leaf axial.Fruit is nearly spherical, 5-9 centimeters in diameter ad annihilate or not, the skin is orange-red and tight; partition inside with yellowish juice sacks. Taste is usually sweet occasionally sour. Citrus uranium extracted and primary parasitological constituent p-synergies are extensively used in weight management products and as thermometric agents. It is also known as â€Å"chi-shih† or â€Å"Chi shih† in traditional Chinese medicine. (Hung, et al. , 2011) The most important biological active constituents of the C. uranium fruits are phenylalanine alkaloids, activation, synergies, trainee, N- antihistamine and hardening.Aperitif, aromatic, stomach, tonic, astringent, mildly criminate, colleague, antibacterial, antithetic, untangling, antispasmodic, unintuitive, diaphragmatic, digestive, unmanaged, stimulant, vermiform. Dried rind is considered aromatic, stomach, tonic, astringent, and mildly criminate. It is rich in vitamin C, flavorings and volatile oil. Citrus flavorings have potential antioxidant, anti-aging anti-cancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory activity, and cholesterol lowering potential. Bitter orange has a complex chemical make-up. It is perhaps most known for the volatile oil in the peel.It gives bitter orange its strong odor and flavor which account for its medical effects. Today, bitter orange is used pharmaceutical, cosmetics ND soaps. As a dietary supplement, this herb has been used to stimulate appetite, treat ringworm-type infections, relieves stomach upset and aid insomnia. Both the fruit and peel of this herb are typically included in over the counter nasal decongestants and weight loss products. It has also been used in applications such as indigestion, constipation and support of easing inflammation due to skin bruising and muscle pains.This herb has documented positive entropic effects , showing improvements to blood circulation through the heart and cerebral tissues due to its amine content. Gottfried, 201 0) According to Succumbing the juice of the fruit is used in removing ink stains from clothes and for washing the hair of women and can be used for bleaching freckles and as a cheap remedy for itching acne vulgarism and purists vulvae. Escherichia coli is a gram negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacillus that is commonly found in the human colon and is part of its normal flora and was found by Theodore Escherichia, a German bacteriologist in 1885.E. Coli possess adhesive familiar and a cell wall that consists of an outer membrane containing alphanumerically, a periphrasis space with a pathological layer, and an inner, cytoplasm membrane. Some strains are palliated and capable of accepting and transferring plasmid to and from other bacteria. Such property enables E. Coli under bad/stress conditions to survive. They grow best at ICC and when cultured in an Eosin Methyl Blue (EMBED) culture media, it will exhibit colonies with distinct greenish-metallic sheen.When stained with Gram Stain, it will appear purple under the microscope because its cell wall's composition prevented the loss of the primary stain when decolonize and it prevented the entry of the secondary stain. Mammon, 201 1) Staphylococcus erasures is a gram positive, cuscus that is commonly found in human respiratory tract. S. erasures colonizes mainly the nasal passages, but it may be found regularly in most other anatomical locales, including the skin, oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. It was found by Rosenberg in 1884 as yellow colonies on a culture media. Toward,2012) The cell wall envelope of S. erasures is a complex protective surface organelle, composed of pedagogical, proteins, polysaccharides and secondary wall polymers. On blood agar plates, colonies of S. erasures are frequently rounded by zones of clear beta-hemolytic. The golden appearance of colonies of some strains is the etymological root of the bacteria's name; erasures meaning â€Å"golden† in Latin. When stained with Gram Stain, it will only retain the secondary stain because its cell wall is thin causing easy decentralization of the bacteria.