As ocean temperatures increase, the intensity and strength of Research Paper

As ocean temperatures increase, the intensity and strength of hurricanes also increases - Research Paper Example Numerous impacts of this increase, on the other hand, were obscure until recently or are still obscure. Some researchers are presently discovering a relationship between the increment in ocean surface temperature and the increment  in hurricane intensity and frequency (Chan, 2012). Unless the increment in worldwide temperatures is not stopped or possibly slowed, hurricanes and other natural disasters may tend to keep on growing in duration and strength. It is crucial to see how global warming may incorporate with different variables known to prompt the development of hurricanes (Pielke & Laver, 2005). Anthropogenic components may be in charge of the warming of the globe. Greenhouse gasses discharged through the utilization of agriculture and fossil fuels, and, in addition, numerous different sources have prompted the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse impact causes the atmosphere to ingest more solar energy yet does not permit this radiation and heat out of the air. The more green gas in the environment, the more radiation and temperature that are caught or trapped and add to increased worldwide temperature (Yoshimura, 2006). Global warming or temperature increase has had a genuinely huge effect on ocean temperatures. Actually, records demonstrate nearly 1 degree Fahrenheit, around 0.5 degrees Celsius, warming of the seas in the past 50 years. Studies in sea or ocean temperature changes demonstrate that this sort of expansion is exceptional (Stenseth & Straile, 2007). Notwithstanding the increment in ocean surface temperature that has effectively occurred, it is anticipated that multiplying the air carbon dioxide, doubling, would prompt an extra temperature increment of 0.5 degrees Celsius. The liquefying of the polar ice caps additionally raises the ocean surface temperatures around the globe and adds to an increment in the rising heights of the seas. About 60% of hurricanes occurring in the Atlantic Ocean are developed from winds coming westbound

Outline the processes of evolution Essay Example for Free

Outline the processes of evolution Essay Outline the processes of evolution and explain how theory of mind is an adaptation resulting from the selective forces that have operated during evolution. Evolutionary psychologists endeavour to understand how animal and human behaviour evolved and the adaptive functions that these behaviours would have had over time. They reflect on ultimate explanations and look for the reasons why such phenomena exist and how this helps to ensure that our genes (the structures containing DNA sequences) are passed to future generations through the process of sexual reproduction. Evolutionary psychology is concerned with identifying which behaviours and psychological traits are adaptive and the function which the latter fulfil. Evolutionary psychologists do not, therefore, look for causal explanations regarding behaviour, but are concerned instead with functional explanations. By researching evolved characteristics and abilities they try to uncover within the processes of evolution how the human mind works, and ultimately how societies function. They conclude that our current physiology and psychology still demonstrate a decisive interplay between adaptations and environments on an evolutionary timescale (Clegg, 2007 pp. 161-2). The theory of evolution is in the most part derived from the work of Charles Darwin (1809-1892). Following many years of painstaking research, most notably surrounding his study of species of the Galapagos Islands, he arrived at the theory that species have gradually evolved from common ancestors. He researched the possible processes through which evolutionary change could have occurred and argued that there is a strong relationship between genes and environment, whereby genes that allow for traits most suited to dealing with changes in the environment will be selected for. Darwin recognized how important sexual reproduction (where genes are passed to the next generation) is for creating variation, and that inherited characteristics and genetic variation are open to random changes. However, the forces of natural selection have effect on these changes enabling the mechanisms that ensure the organism is better able to survive within their environment are selected for, and consequently more likely to be passed onto the next generation. The processes of selection occur over extremely long periods of time. Hominoids (the family containing primates) evolved around 22 to 31 million years ago, with humans appearing very recently on the evolutionary timescale somewhere between 150,000-200,000 years ago. We should note also that since it is the genes that endure over time, selection refers not to the survival of the individual or indeed of the species, but to the survival of the genes. Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins noted that People act as vehicles to contain the genes, and these are passed on when they reproduce (as cited in Clegg 2007, p 121). Humans, being highly social creatures, require psychological mechanisms that enable them to successfully interact within the social environment. For example, being able to guess what another person is thinking in order to predict how they might behave, or understanding others behaviour so as to be responsive to their feelings, or even being capable of deceit are all highly useful abilities for social interaction. In an evolutionary context, these social skills and empathy with others would have greatly improved an individuals survival chances and/or reproductive success, ultimately increasing the chances of his genes passing onto the next generation. Such traits would have been a positive asset to the species as a whole. As psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen explained by being able to predict one anothers behaviour, two individuals can work together more effectively thereby improving survival chances (As cited in Clegg 2007, p. 133). Our ancestors who possessed such characteristics would have had a great advantage over those who did not. Thus in accordance with Darwins theory these abilities, over time, would have been selected for. The ability to predict and explain the actions both of oneself and of others, and the ability to mentally put oneself in the place of another is known as theory of mind. It is associated with the ability to manipulate and influence others within a social context both in a positive and in a negative way. These abilities are essential in gaining social status and resources, forming alliances and obtaining sexual partners. Ultimately, they are greatly significant in the role they play in reproductive success and our continued survival as a species. Theory of mind interests evolutionary psychologists because it is fundamentally relevant to modern human behaviour. Psychologists are particularly concerned with its evolution and its role, hence much research has been carried out involving children, those diagnosed as autistic, and non-human primates in order to develop upon hypotheses. Evidence collected from research involving these groups has led psychologists to better understand theory of mind and its functions. A large amount of studies on the aforementioned three groups involve testing deception and false beliefs using a version of the Maxi test devised by Wimmer and Perner (1983). However, there are more modern experiments which have revealed evidence of theory of mind in children as young as 2 years old. Further evidence in the form of archaeological findings, such as signs of burial rituals and evidence of art production has been uncovered. The ability to create imaginary images or the notion of an afterlife would suggest that our ancestors were able to conceptualize the thoughts and beliefs of others. Research evidence from experiments carried out involving children from many different societies and cultures shows that theory of mind is universal, and consequently indicates that it may be an evolved adaptation. Much of the research suggests that it may have evolved because it effected human interaction within social environments which would have benefited humans and their offspring. Those who displayed a strong theory of mind are likely to have improved their chances of survival by increasing their social status, or they may have used deception, or plan ahead to their advantage in order to gain more resources. They may have been able to negotiate dangerous situations by predicting others behaviour, or those with a highly developed theory of mind may have had more success regarding sexual reproduction. We can say then that theory of mind is an intrinsic element of our humanness, with evidence suggesting that its adaptive function is a result of the selective forces of evolution. It is all about enhancing social relationships; a perspective that is supported by a number of researchers (Baron-Cohen, 1999; Byrne and Whiten, 1997; Dunbar, 2003) (As cited in Clegg 2007, p. 138). Theory of mind as a psychological mechanism has been a highly influential factor to the developmental progress of the human race, and unequivocally instrumental to the success of the species.

Electronic Monitoring Vs. Health Concerns :: essays research papers fc

Electronic Monitoring vs. Health Concerns Is privacy and electronic monitoring in the work place an issue that is becoming a problem? More and more employees are being monitored today then ever before and the companies that do it aren't letting off. While electronic monitoring in the work place may be the cause of increased stress levels and tension, the benefits far exceed the harm that it may cause. Employees don't realize how often electronic monitoring happens in their work place. An estimated twenty million Americans are subjected to monitoring in their work place, commonly in the form of phone monitoring, E-mail searches, and searching through the files on their hard drive (Paranoid 435). A poll by MacWorld states that over twenty-one percent of all employees are monitored at work, and the larger the company, the higher the percentage (Privacy 445). Unaware of this electronic monitoring, most employees often are not working at their peak performance due to this type of scrutiny. The majority of Americans believe that electronic monitoring should not be allowed. Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis states that of all of the freedoms that Americans enjoy, privacy "is the right most valued by civilized men (Privacy 441)." A poll taken by Yankelovich Clancy Shulman for Time, states that ninety-five percent of Americans believe that electronic monitoring should not be allowed (Privacy 444). Harriet Ternipsede, who is a travel agent, gave a lengthy testimonial on how electronic monitoring at her job caused her undue stress and several health problems including muscle aches, mental confusion, weakened eyesight, severe sleep disturbance, nausea, and exhaustion. Ternipsede was later diagnosed with Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (Electronic 446). A study done by the University of Wisconsin found that eighty-seven percent of employees subjected to electronic monitoring suffered from higher stress levels and increased tension while only sixty-seven percent of those employees that were not subjected to monitoring had those same symptoms (Paranoid 436). While it is obvious that most employees are against electronic monitoring, the use of electronic monitoring contributes to increased stress levels in employees. While the advantages derived from electronic monitoring far outweigh the disadvantages. Through the use of employee monitoring, companies can save money in overall operations cost by weeding out those employees who don't pull their weight, and cut down on employee theft. By monitoring employees, it is possible to measure their performance and see if they are meeting standards. By getting rid of those employees who don't meet standards the burden of daily tasks is lifted on every other employee in that department. Eighty to ninety percent of business theft is internal (Paranoid

Breast Cancer Essay -- Biology Essays

Breast Cancer The thought of having breast cancer is frightening to every woman, and devastating to some. However, ignoring the possibility that you may get breast cancer, or avoiding the things you should do to detect and avoid cancer, can be even more dangerous. Breast cancer is a devastating disease that may affect one out of nine women in the United States. This year alone, a patient will be diagnosed every three minutes and a woman will die from breast cancer every thirteen minutes. Unfortunately, there is still little known about the disease’s cause or cure. Currently the only means of increasing a breast cancer victim’s chance of survival is early detection by annual breast exams and education about the disease. A professional high quality mammogram is the most reliable way to find breast cancer as early as possible. By the time a lump can be felt in a woman’s breast, it is usually bigger than the size of cancers that can be found with a mammogram. About twenty five percent of breast cancers are found through monthly exams and thirty five percent are found through mammograms. They rate of cancers discovered increases to nearly forty percent when physical exams and mammograms are used. Women are urged to do both. Educating women about breast cancer has become increasing important. Recently, an alarming survey, conducted by the American Cancer Society, showed that many women have incorrect perceptions about their risk of getting breast cancer. Nearly half of the women believed their chances of developing cancer were as much as fifty percent, when in reality it is only eleven percent. Also, many women thought that their risk of getting breast cancer was highest in their thirties and fourths, when in ... ... and to kill cancer cells if they ever develop. A large number of studies also back up a link between alcohol intake and an increased chance of developing breast cancer. Overall women that drink an average of three drinks a day have a forty percent higher chance of developing the disease verses non-drinkers. Research has found that alcohol alters the way a woman’s body metabolizes estrogen. As estrogen levels rise, the risk of developing the disease does also. Above all, the important thing to remember is that having no risk factors should not give you a false sense of security. It is vital for each woman to be aware of their own personal risk factors for developing cancer, and what they can do to decrease their chances with simple lifestyle changes. Women are encouraged to talk to their doctors and do their own research to further inform themselves.

Commentary on Dorothy Parker’s Essay

â€Å"Mr. Durant’ is a prose about a man, who he had promised his children they could keep a dog but seems to no longer want to do so. He promised so while on their back he is trying to kick the dog out of the house. He does is on their back because he wants to remain the authority figure of the house who does nothing wrong. On the other hand, to his wife he gives stupid reasons like â€Å"all the males in the neighborhood will be running after her† and â€Å"first thing you know, she’d be having puppies.† Mrs. Durant is not very educated and also very ingà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nues and so blindly trusts and believes whatever her husband tells her. She idolizes him because she does not read and is not very educated and therefore her husband’s knowledge might impress her a lot. The family relationships where the father is the dominant figure remain the same through the whole passage. 2. Chronology/time  Dorothy Parker has written this passage in such a way, tending to give actions one by one, making so the piece more intriguing and interesting. However, she often goes backwards and forwards when describing Mr. Durant’s den and character to give us a deeper understanding or certainty of his character. However, time in either case is significant but not essential and does not affect directly the themes of this passage. 3. Themes  Some themes implied through the passage are:  Authority is one of the main themes in this passage and Mr. Durant conveys this authority very easily. His wifes lets him do so, because she thinks that he is very educated and in consequence his actions and word is always right. This shows another theme, the ingenuity of Mrs. Durant who blindly believes everything her husband tells her. The relationships between these two characters seem very cold and unpleasant, not only because there is no agreement and understanding between this couples there is no evince of affection as well. Dishonesty is another important theme is this passage, which Mr. Durant is clearly characterized by because brutally beguiles his children on their back. Sexual perversions 4. How literary features convey/enlarge the themes  The prose has many adjectives which are very useful in strengthen the meaning of the themes since the prose is very descriptive. For example, the two adjectives â€Å"insatiable reader† and â€Å"indefatigable collector† show that although he wanted to seem as tireless reader, he is very unintelligent because is easily manipulated by the advertisements. A comparison in this piece is â€Å"young woman with wings like a vampire bat† which is very significant because in my opinion this is another hint of Mr. Durant’s sexual problems. 5. Point of view/ Tone  The passage is told from the third person point of view and that is the narrator, Dorothy Parker. She is more informing rather than evaluating because she tends to rely more on the facts leaving so up to us to interpret them in our own way. Because the atmosphere is not humorous at all, this shows the seriousness of the narrator’s attitudes towards her subject. She presents the main character, Mr. Durant as a very cold, distant and selfish person. The tone of the passage is very serious and desperate (fruitless) because the main character, Mr. Durant has all the power and his word for the others (his wife and children) seems to be a rule. This is shown when after he asks his daughter if he had ever â€Å"broke a promise†, she replies â€Å"No Father† but â€Å"conviction was not hers† whish shows that even she wasn’t convinced, she was obliged to reply so because of fear that he might get angry or react. Parker obviously do esn’t have a high regard for Mr. Durant at all, however using irony she enjoys mocking his attitudes of superiority and of the one who is so full of himself that wants others to believe that he â€Å"he has never broken a promise yet.† 6. Structure  The passage falls into many short and long paragraphs. Usually, the short paragraphs are made of dialogues while the long ones are mainly descriptive which might signify the greater importance of the descriptions. The two longest paragraphs are mainly about two subjects: Mr. Durant’s den and books. This shows that he is the main character since everything is mainly about him and also because he is always the one who gets the word. The short paragraphs in the first page have only three lines. They are short maybe because the piece is carefully described and avoids telling everything at once to let the reader get the themes one by one, making it more interesting. However, the dialogues although short, are very significant in understanding the personalities of the characters. 7. Lexis (language)  The language used is formal and this is because the issue that is being discussed is serious or at least that’s how the atmosphere is conveyed to us. This formal language has a positive affect on the piece because it is appropriate with the message that the author is trying to transmit, that of authority and stereotypes. The language is also particularly descriptive and therefore the author tends to give the themes by hints in the description. The language used by Parker in written in an ironic form towards this character, which although she doesn’t seem to admire at all, she enjoys mocking his attitudes of superior and of the one who is so full of himself that wants others to believe that he never â€Å"breaks a promise.† Parker uses satire which is a form of exposing of foolishness within a society through ridiculing them and that is what she does with the character of Mr. Durant. 8. Specific Images  Mr. Durant is clearly shown as the authority figure in this piece. An image that indicates this is † he jerked his head backwards† which shows that his order is not only an obligation to his wife but he does not even need to say it. Mr. Durant might not even be as knowledgeable as he wants to seem. There are two reasons why I think this. Firstly, the fact that his â€Å"books were lined up behind the glass of the bookcase† might show that they were not even used and were there as decorations. Secondly, as we notice in the passage, he seems very impatient and narrow minded because does not allow others to have their word yelling â€Å"Quiet!† to his daughter while he interrupts his wife who for once was about to protest against her husband, saying â€Å"Now you just leave all that to me.† This shows disrespect and impatience to listen to others and therefore might not even have the same patience to read a book. I personally, from this piece got the feeling that Mr. Durant is not a very sane person because there are many controversies on his character, like he tries to be the perfect father in his children eyes who â€Å"has never broken a promise†, while on their backs beguiles them being very ambidextrous. 9. Rhythm  The rhythm in this passage is very irregular for the reason that it is continually moving from â€Å"crescendo† to â€Å"decrescendo† form, creating so anxiety and tension to the readers. There is a high tension in the beginning of the passage because the author starts this passage with the word â€Å"Quiet!† which strait away gives a kind of conflict and makes the atmosphere very dramatic. Then, the author jumps into descriptions, going into a â€Å"decrescendo† form for a while. On the third part of the passage, again we have a â€Å"crescendo† in rhythm because the tension increases, especially when Mrs. Durant says ‘But the children, They’ll be just simply†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which in my opinion is an initial and tiny bit of revolt against her husband’s opinion.

Free Essays on Nighteen Eighty Four

and ideas and condemned it severely in his widely acclaimed satirical novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The world portrayed in 1984 is a horrifying place where people are deprived of every rights claimed by The Declaration Of Independence. By using the word victory repeatedly in the novel, Orwell successfully brings out  ¡Ã‚ §the opposite effect from what is intended or presented ¡Ã‚ ¨ (A Handbook of Literature), to satire the totalitarian regime. The following parts will emphasise on several of the victories to find out how the effect is achieved. By first comparing living conditions in Oceania, the totalitarian state in the novel, the hidden truth behind the word victory is that ordinary people, who live in poverty are the real loser, while the mere winner is the ruling class, who wins absolute control over its people and so the resources. Winston Smith, the protagonist of 1984, lives in Victory Mansions, forty-five year old flats with everything falling to pieces. The smell of the place is foul, and the plaster, the pipes, the roof, and the heating system are all out of order constantly. A typical kind of  ¡Ã‚ §home ¡Ã‚ ¨ of the Outer Party members, is as though  ¡Ã‚ §Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€¹hasÆ’Ã  just been visited by some large violent animal ¡Ã‚ ¨ (23). Posters and banners ... Free Essays on Nighteen Eighty Four Free Essays on Nighteen Eighty Four For more than two hundred years, The Declaration Of Independence continues to speak for people worldwide who are in favor of democracy.  ¡Ã‚ §Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness ¡Ã‚ ¨ are undeniable rights of people in a free society. Meanwhile, totalitarian regimes, such as Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany and Stalin Soviet Union in the first half of twentieth-century, try to control every aspect of lives of their citizens by establishing absolute power (The New Penguin Dictionary of Modern History 1789-1945). Then entered George Orwell. As an authentic writer full of hatred of authority, he was so concerned with the damage had been done by totalitarian doctrine that he armed himself with words and ideas and condemned it severely in his widely acclaimed satirical novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The world portrayed in 1984 is a horrifying place where people are deprived of every rights claimed by The Declaration Of Independence. By using the word victory repeatedly in the novel, Orwell successfully brings out  ¡Ã‚ §the opposite effect from what is intended or presented ¡Ã‚ ¨ (A Handbook of Literature), to satire the totalitarian regime. The following parts will emphasise on several of the victories to find out how the effect is achieved. By first comparing living conditions in Oceania, the totalitarian state in the novel, the hidden truth behind the word victory is that ordinary people, who live in poverty are the real loser, while the mere winner is the ruling class, who wins absolute control over its people and so the resources. Winston Smith, the protagonist of 1984, lives in Victory Mansions, forty-five year old flats with everything falling to pieces. The smell of the place is foul, and the plaster, the pipes, the roof, and the heating system are all out of order constantly. A typical kind of  ¡Ã‚ §home ¡Ã‚ ¨ of the Outer Party members, is as though  ¡Ã‚ §Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€¹hasÆ’Ã  just been visited by some large violent animal ¡Ã‚ ¨ (23). Posters and banners ...

La fe les ayuda y les daña †Theology Essay in Spanish

La fe les ayuda y les daà ±a – Theology Essay in Spanish Free Online Research Papers La fe les ayuda y les daà ±a Theology Essay in Spanish La fe y la iglesia son papeles muy importantes en las dos novelas Aves sin nido y Huasipungo. Las representaciones de las dos sirven para demostrar un aspecto significativo en la vida de la gente andina, especialmente con respecto a los indà ­genas. Los autores tambià ©n utilizan la fe y la iglesia para hacer crà ­ticas fuertes contra las maneras que los indà ­genas estn gobernados y maltratados. En las dos novelas, toda la gente de todas clases es muy religiosa. La iglesia y los polà ­ticos son corruptivos y aprovechan de su poder. Sin embargo, las novelas enfocan en aspectos diferentes. En Aves sin nido, Clorinda Matto de Turner nos da una imagen inocente del indà ­gena y su cristianismo puro da razà ³n de querer ayudarlos. Su fe les ayuda aunque son victimas del poder de la iglesia. Sin embargo Jorge Icaza crea una imagen mucho ms oscuro. En Huasipungo, la iglesia y los polà ­ticos no solo aprovechan de su poder sino tambià ©n aprovechan de la fe de los indà ­genas. Su fe les hace daà ±o y el hecho de que parecen crà ©dulos, entre otras cosas, hace que el lector sienta menos lastima. Despuà ©s de las primeras dos capà ­tulos de Aves sin nido, Matto de Turner ha demostrado que la indà ­gena peruana (representada por Marcela) tiene mucha fe, es inocente, es abusada por la iglesia y polà ­ticos. â€Å"En nombre de la Virgen mi corazà ³n me ha dicho que tà º eres buena†¦ por la Virgen† (Matto 4). La manera sincera y religiosa que Marcela pide ayuda de Lucà ­a por sus deudas del reparto y de la mita, y las descripciones de la gente rezando en el cementerio (Matto 1), hacen que los indà ­genas parezcan buenos. Ms tarde, la novela describe la hija de Marcela como â€Å"†¦esta inocente predestinada que, nacida entre los harapos de la choza†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Matto 15). Puesto que las violaciones y corrupcià ³n en la iglesia no estn descritos muy detallados, parece que vienen de un problema inherente en el sistema y no tan personal. Sin embargo, Matto de Turner nunca describe una duda o un problema sobre la fe pura y es obvio por toda la novela que respeta mucho a la religià ³n. Ya que la autora tiene a la fe en gran estima, la fe de los indà ­genas los eleva a une nivel mas alta y nos hace sentir que su opresià ³n no viene de ninguna culpa suya. El sentido de Huasipungo es muy diferente. Primero, los indà ­genas no son descritos como puros e inocentes. A travà ©s de abuso domestica y una falta de solidaridad, el lector tiene una imagen un poco manchada de ellos. Otra diferencia es que las abusas contra los indà ­genas son mas detallados, feos y personales. Por ejemplo, cuando don Alfonso viola a la Cunshi es muy clara que à ©l esta tomando la decisià ³n de hacerlo. â€Å"‘Por quà ©? Todos lo han hecho’ Adems acaso no estaba acostumbrado desde muchacho a ver y comprobar que todas las indias servicias de las haciendas eran atropelladas, violadas y desfloradas asà ­ no ms por los patrones. Él era un patrà ³n grande, su mercà ©. Era dueà ±o de todo, de la india tambià ©n† (Icaza 56). Pocos momentos despuà ©s el libro nos ofrece una pista que el cura, y por lo tanto, la fe tambià ©n esta involucrado en actos feos de violacià ³n. â€Å"Sobre ella gravitaba tembloroso de ansiedad y vi olento de lujuria, el ser que se confundà ­a con las amenazas de seà ±or cura, con la autoridad del seà ±or teniente polà ­tico y con la cara de Taita Dios† (Icaza 57). El hecho de que los abusos son ms personales, y no son claramente la culpa del sistema en general, nos hace pensar que los indà ­genas pueden resistir aunque no lo hacen. A pesar de que sus vidas son horribles, los indà ­genas mantienen su fe. â€Å"Taita Dios ampare. Taita Dios defienda† (Icaza 52), es algo repetido y creà ­do por toda la novela. Desafortunadamente la iglesia y los polà ­ticos aprovechan de su fe completa en el poder de Dios y de los curas. Cuando estn hablando de cuando deben tener la minga para construir el camino, el cura sugiere una fecha despuà ©s de la fiesta de la Virgen de Cuchara â€Å"porque asà ­ los indios y los chagras se sentirn protegidos por la Santà ­sima Virgen y trabajarn con mayores brà ­os† (Icaza 64). El cura dice que â€Å"sentirn† en ves de â€Å"sern† porque su intencià ³n es engaà ±arles. Cuando la inundacià ³n esta matando a la gente, â€Å"el santo sacerdote, aprovechando la embriaguez de pnico y de temor que mantenà ­a a los indios como hipnotizados, pregonaba en ejemplo del cielo aquel castigo frente a la tacaà ±erà ­a de los fieles en las limosnas, en el p ago de los responsos, de las misas, de las fiestas y de los duelos† (Icaza 117). Sabemos que los curas se hacen ricos con esta prctica. En ves de respetando la fe, el autor esta burlando de las creencias de los indà ­genas. Llega a un punto casi chistoso cuando don Alfonso imita al cura para asustar a los indà ­genas cuando piden socorros. â€Å"Inspirado en el ejemplo del seà ±or cura, alzo los ojos y los brazos al cielo†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Despuà ©s, los indà ­genas, olvidaron de los socorros porque â€Å"era peligros†¦discutir con Taita Dios [el cual]†¦era superior a sus fuerzas como hombre† (Icaza 126). Al fin de la novela los indà ­genas pierden hasta su derecho de ser llamados cristianos cuando â€Å"les elimine para tranquilidad de nuestros [los gubernamentales] hogares cristianos† (Icaza 170). Esta claro que la fe no esta sagrada en Huasipungo. Por eso, la fe de los indà ­genas es un engaà ±o y en ves de ser honorables, son crà ©dulos. Contrario a Aves sin nido, la fe de los indà ­genas en Huasipungo los baja a un nivel inferior. Combinada con nuestra imagen manchada y la falta de resistencia contra los abusos personales, el lector sienta menos lastima y querer de ayudar a los indà ­genas de Huasipungo comparado con Aves sin nido. La iglesia toma un papel casi igual en las dos novelas. Las dos son corruptas y abusan. Sin embargo el uso de la fe para llegar a objetivos opuestos es muy interesante. Research Papers on La fe les ayuda y les daà ±a - Theology Essay in SpanishThe Fifth HorsemanMind TravelMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

whale essays

whale essays  gThe blue whale heart is the size of a small car, the major arteries leading from the heart a small child can stand it!  g This is an example about amazing whale fact. I focused about previous amazing facts on whales, dolphins, and porpoises in this research paper. As we knows, whales are one of the most intelligent mammal in the ocean. There are two kinds of whale, one is toothed whales and the other one is baleen whale. The third largest whale in the world is the sperm whale. It is the biggest toothed whale in the world. In Latin, physeter The sperm whale has the biggest forehead of the whales. It has a long narrow jaw. The sperm whale smells through its blowhole. The brain of the sperm whale is the biggest brain in the world. It weights twenty pounds . It can be used like a computer. The sperm whale has ears but very little hair. Sperm whale can dive a mile under the water. Two thousand feet under the surface, a sperm whale might appear. The sperm whale can go underwater for more than half an hour. In addition, many toothed whales are believed to use their sonar capabilities to stun their prey with a  gsonic pulse h. The narwhal, an unusual toothed whale with a tooth piecing the upper lip, is believed to be the basis of the legendary unicorn. Southern right whales have been seen to raise their flukes in the air and use them as sails. Grey whales are able to swim in water as shallow as 6 feet! There are four species of dolphins that inhabit fresh water rivers. Some species of whale lice, small crustaceans similar to terrestrial lice, can be found only on one type of whale. Whaling still occurs today with Japan and Norway being the primary hunters. Fin whales are the second largest animal ever to live on earth. They have been measured to over 80 feet long in ...

The role of motivation in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The role of motivation in management - Essay Example Post WWII, the concepts of mass production, economy and scale, and uniform production methods brought businesses to leadership in their respective fields. During these years the labor pool was made up most significantly of men who learned to be successful by following orders and following through until they were told differently. This is a mindset which created an effective military machine, and brought economic success back to their home country. However, today's labor pool is significantly different. The workers are educated, and have been taught to think as well as work. Today's workers want to know, and to some extent feel connected to the 'why' behind their tasks as well as the 'what' of their daily tasks. To a great extent, these workers no longer hold to the ideals of the previous generation, and are no longer motivated to work for a secure paycheck, and a 30 year career path. Today's workers are looking for an emotional connection, or what researchers call a psychological contract (Clair et. al, 2001) between themselves and their employers in order to feel personally connected to their position. Hence, business a usual, expecting workers to be satisfied by following orders and completing tasks, is no longer a corporate culture which will build a successful organization. CF&F may not yet realize the problems for which it is headed. Surrounded by a corporate culture which has successfully built the organization, the CEO, board and other top executives may not yet be aware of the extent to which the employee dissatisfaction can undermine the organization. We could say that the organization must tame the unruly beast of employee unrest before it begins to negatively affect production, quality, and profits. The company needs to tame the problem before the organization begins to suffer profit decay due to increased costs associated with increased turnover. The following recommendations will use the acronym T.A.M.E. to form a recommendation for change. For the duration of this recommendation, T.A.M.E. stands for: Transformation of the company culture by training upper and middle management in transformational leadership. Authority disbursement from the hands of the upper management to the department heads and workers. Mentoring transformational leaders at every level. They will learn within a measured level of accountability how to lead and transform those under them Empowerment of each department to control their immediate environment and business variables in order to maximize efficiency, and employee moral. Basis for the recommendation Tom Peters and Robert Waterman published Mc Kinney's 7-S Model in their article "Structure Is Not Organization" (1980) and in "In Search of Excellence" (1982). The model starts on the premise that an organization is not just structure, but consists of seven elements: Those seven elements are differentiated into so called hard S's and soft S's. The hard elements (green circles) are feasible and easy to identify. They can typically be found in strategy statements, corporate plans, and organizational charts. The four soft S's however, are less

Health and Happiness Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health and Happiness Democracy - Essay Example Studies from California to Michigan established that social connectedness is one of the most powerful determinants of well being. According to the study, frequent participation in community activities and social gathering reduces the risk of having diseases like cancer or heart attack. On the other hand, sociologist James House and his colleague stated that social connectedness also contributes to the biomedical risk factors such as cigarette smoking and obesity. Researchers are not sure why social cohesion affects the well-being of an individual but they proposed theories why social cohesion matters. First, social networks offer assistance thereby, reducing mental and physical stress. It reinforce healthy norms and able to organize politically to ensure first-rate medical services. Another researcher named Lisa Berkman speculated that social isolation is a chronically stressful condition to which the organism responds by aging faster.

Talk about the holocaust memorial building in Germany Essay

Talk about the holocaust memorial building in Germany - Essay Example Every time I think about the video I wonder if it was worth my time. Is this what people like to watch in the western lands? I did not feel much of anything from watching this video except boredom. There was nothing very interesting about the video itself. If they wanted to build a monument about the Holocaust, why did they not build something like a tower instead? They could have built a home for the Jewish people as well instead of moving them to Jerusalem. So many people are angry because of the Jewish people who were brought here after World War II. I think it is weird to have built such a structure. I think the memorial is pleasing to the eyes but it is dull at the same time. They look like large coffins from far away. Maybe the memorial is supposed to emphasize the many different ages and types of people with each and every block. Sadly, the architectural design does not appeal to me. While it may represent many different things to various people, it does not strike me as something significant except for the fact that it was historically

History--Alamo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History--Alamo - Essay Example People with a strong knowledge of the historical events at the Alamo were also able to point inaccuracies in parts of the film (McCrisken & Pepper, 2005 p. 22). The earlier Western films starring John Wayne such as Rio Bravo, Fort Apache, and also Rio Grande were in many ways typical examples of the milieu of the Western, and how that genre portrayed the white settlement of the Western states during the 19th century. These motion pictures were not however generally based upon actual historical events (McCrisken & Pepper, 2005 p. 23). John Wayne often played the role of the brave gunfighter attempting to make things better, or the lawman fighting (often alone) the less savoury gunfighters that brought anarchy to the West. John Wayne in the majority of his Western roles plays heroic characters from his youth in Fort Apache through to his later middle age in films such as True Grit (Carter, 2008 p. 83). Occasionally the milieu of the Western would throw up a film that intended to be a highly accurate portrayal of real life historical events, such as The Alamo, starring and also directed by John Wayne. Though John Wayne was not overtly attempting to be very patriotic the film arguably generates the ideological meaning that the successful breakaway of Texas from Mexico was a significant event in the history of the United States itself. As well as a beneficial development for the people of Texas because they escaped the misrule of the Mexicans and went on to gain greater freedom as part of the United States (Carter, 2008 p. 166). Naturally enough John Wayne cast himself as the main figure in the story, Davy Crockett, the man that American folklore most readily identifies with the brave resistance against the Mexican army despite being heavily outnumbered, and easily overcome in the end. The Alamo was made during the golden era of the milieu of the Western, its

Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Ethics - Research Paper Example Facts that surrounded the Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation’s case comprise the following: first, Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation frequently utilized contracts as a way of financing their activities. Second, the repurchase contracts employed by the corporation are perceived as the liability and enhance the corporations' leverage percentage. Third, ambiguity in the standards of financial accounting permitted the contracts to be shifted off-balance sheet in case need is met. Fourth, Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation would push repurchase contract liabilities off of the financial statement all through reporting phases so as to mislead stakeholders by reducing control. Maybe if the stakeholders were aware, it may have had a negative impact on the Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation stock prices. Fifth, at that time, little or no financial corporations were using these deceiving tactics (Lubben 1). The fall of Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation was not as a result of a sole tumble in ethical decision performed by a single imprudent worker. It would have been almost out of the question for a single incident to make Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation collapse, particularly after the corporation had overcome numerous difficulties in the past. Instead, Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation’s failure was the growing impact of several mishaps caused by a number of parties and individuals (Madsen and Shafritz 23). The unethical practices can be classified into three actions: deceit declared by the corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, Richard Fuld; cover up sanctioned by Chief Financial Officer, Erin Callan; and neglect in place of Ernst & Young. In 2007, the housing marketing was starting to falter, the corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, Richard Fuld was embedded in a highly leveraged and aggressive business model. This was similar to other Wall Street actors at the period. Whereas Lehman Brothers Holdings Inco rporation’s rivals had the ability to forecast the impending fall and assess probable results of mortgage shirk, the corporation’s Chief Executive Officer did not change the strategy. Instead, He advanced into mortgage- supported safety investments, incessantly escalating Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporation’s asset range to one of unduly elevated risk given the market situation (Lubben 1). This implies Richard Fuld was adamant, but when it was an occasion to accept the issue, he did admit his failure or take responsibility. In 2007, the Chief Executive Officer had a chance to air concerns on the corporation’s short-term financial condition and its tremendous participation in risky loans. In contrast, he disregarded it in support of communicating to Wall Street and stakeholders that there was no existence of foreseeable issues (Lubben 1). Had Richard Fuld been honest, appropriate solutions would have been developed. This would have assisted to minimize or prevent the financial problems that occurred.

History--Alamo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History--Alamo - Essay Example People with a strong knowledge of the historical events at the Alamo were also able to point inaccuracies in parts of the film (McCrisken & Pepper, 2005 p. 22). The earlier Western films starring John Wayne such as Rio Bravo, Fort Apache, and also Rio Grande were in many ways typical examples of the milieu of the Western, and how that genre portrayed the white settlement of the Western states during the 19th century. These motion pictures were not however generally based upon actual historical events (McCrisken & Pepper, 2005 p. 23). John Wayne often played the role of the brave gunfighter attempting to make things better, or the lawman fighting (often alone) the less savoury gunfighters that brought anarchy to the West. John Wayne in the majority of his Western roles plays heroic characters from his youth in Fort Apache through to his later middle age in films such as True Grit (Carter, 2008 p. 83). Occasionally the milieu of the Western would throw up a film that intended to be a highly accurate portrayal of real life historical events, such as The Alamo, starring and also directed by John Wayne. Though John Wayne was not overtly attempting to be very patriotic the film arguably generates the ideological meaning that the successful breakaway of Texas from Mexico was a significant event in the history of the United States itself. As well as a beneficial development for the people of Texas because they escaped the misrule of the Mexicans and went on to gain greater freedom as part of the United States (Carter, 2008 p. 166). Naturally enough John Wayne cast himself as the main figure in the story, Davy Crockett, the man that American folklore most readily identifies with the brave resistance against the Mexican army despite being heavily outnumbered, and easily overcome in the end. The Alamo was made during the golden era of the milieu of the Western, its

Geopolitics of the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geopolitics of the Middle East - Essay Example The transportation of many tanks of oil and the importation of goods needed by individuals in the regions shows the significance of its waterways. The widespread coastlines evident in the Persian Gulf make allow shipping. This oil-producing region can affect the financial systems of the countries that import oil from it (Zalloi, 2008). This is because; the Persian Gulf can manipulate the prices and quantities of the oil and gases they export. For instance, the US financial system can be affected since the state heavily relies on the energy produced in the Persian Gulf (Zalloi, 2008). Based on the largest percentage of oil reserves in the region, it will still enjoy special consideration (Popiden 2011). This is because; the current development in the world has increased energy consumptions. After a few decades, some of the oil producing regions except the Persian Gulf will cease to produce oil. For instance, United States is the largest energy consumer globally, and after a few years, its oil production will decrease (Popiden 2011). On the contrary, the oil production and exports will increase in the Persian Gulf, and this has made the region acquire special significance in the United States international policy. Hence, the oil reserves in the Persian Gulf are connected with the interests and control of the United States (Zalloi, 2008). Apart from the United States, other developed states like Europe, Japan, and China have invested in the region. This is to enjoy the economic progress of the region (Popiden, 2011). Additionally, they have invested recover the money used to buy oil. The dependence on oil by these developed countries makes Americans interested in controlling the oil exports in the region. Because of its strategic geographical position and its abundant resources, the region has become part of the US national security interest. For example, after the Second World War, the intention of the US has been to dominate the Persian Gulf by controlling

Formal complain letter Essay Example for Free

Formal complain letter Essay Dear Director,We are residing at Old stockage room 5304. One of our housemate (5304-1) is very inconsiderate. She switches on the TV very loud (TV just beside my room) and the volume is deafening. Even one of my roommates room (5304-5), which is situated near the main door can hear the noise. She also always turns on her loud speakers enjoying the music without closing her door. Besides, in the middle of the night, this girl will go into the guy room (5304-2) situated in between my room (5304-4) and room (5304-2). There will be noise and loud laughter in the middle of the night. My (5304-2) roommate and I had told them and requested them to lower their noise level but they just continue and ignored us. These have affected our sleep and also our mood. Sometimes, the next day, she purposely switched on the music in her room even louder without even closing the door. Furthermore, she also caused danger to other roommates by leaving the place and turning on the microwave for more than 45mins. One of the roommates had to turn off the microwave because there was a strong plastic burning smell. We already had a discussion with a resident advisor early in the semester regarding the mess and the noise level (first complaint by one of my roommate). The situation got better but subsequently, the noise level came back. For your information, we had tolerated them throughout last and this semester and had given her plenty of chances. Should this matter not be solved, it is really unfair and injustice for us who also pay rent to endure her unreasonable acts of behavior. It has come to a point that we want her to leave and do not wish to give her any more chances. We had too many assignments, reports and our exams are around the corner. We wouldnt want to spend our precious time dealing with her during our exams (affect our studies). We would appreciate if you can take the necessary actions against this person (5304-1) because we give up dealing with her.

The HR policies in multinational companies

The HR policies in multinational companies A critical issue faced by host-country nationals with respect to HR management is the degree to which Multinational Companies (MNCs) include parent HR policies as part of global HR policies (Lawler, 1999). This greatly depends on the company structure, market structure, and its global presence. However, HR policies are affected by various factors that these MNCs need to incorporate once they start operating in host countries. A major factor because of which MNCs incorporate these factors in their HR policies is due to culture; many of the HR policies of MNCs take into account the culture of the host country of which gender is an important factor (Lawler, 1999). If gender discrimination is not appreciated in the host country, companies will need to formulate HR policies accordingly, whereas in countries that discriminate on the basis of gender and is culturally and socially acceptable, then MNCs may or may not formulate policies based on it as then it would be the parent companies discretion as to how they would want to approach the matter keeping in mind the company values and objectives. One way to study the culture of countries and understand how important the issue of gender discrimination is is by examining factors using Hofstedes cultural dimensions. These dimensions are power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede, 1991). To study the extent to which gender issues affect the HR policies of MNCs, it is more appropriate to look at individualism/collectivism rather than masculinity/femininity; gender issues in the context of HR is more about the degree to which women liberalisation is prevalent in the country rather than how masculine or feminine the culture of the country is. Individualistic cultures focus more on personal accomplishments hence those cultures are more likely to influence MNCs to formulate gender bias-free HR policies when operating in that particular country; the study reveals that in individualistic countries, HR policies of MNCs do not discriminate people on the basis of gender (Lawler, 1999). Globalization The world today has become highly dynamic and competitive; globalisation has become the catchphrase in the business world where policies and strategies are developed as per global competitiveness (Joynt and Morton, 2005). Due to this factor which affects revenue generation and profits of organisations greatly, multinationals try and formulate bias-free policies when it comes to gender. A research was conducted to compare the HR practices in insurance companies of Indian and multinational companies; results showed that Indian companies discriminated salaries and job positions on gender basis; however, in multinationals, this practice was not evident (Kundu and Malhan, 2009). Today, what companies are looking for is a competent skilled employee who is the right person for the job; jobs are not restricted to males or females, rather they are about the right person. Hence, it can be concluded that in multinational companies gender does not affect HR policies if organisations are revolvin g their strategies and corporate objectives around globalisation and are trying to gain corporate and competitive advantage on a global level. European Cases The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2005) studied a number of European corporate cases that included the HR practices of companies operating in Europe. All these examples focus on how important gender has been in being a part of HR policies and finally in achieving corporate objectives. Grupo Texto Editores is a Portuguese company that realised the importance of gender equality and made it a part of its HR policies as the management felt that gender balance was extremely important in order to make the company competitive; this HR policy of the company has won it the Gender Equality and Quality Award by CITE in 2000 (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2005). According to Mr. Luis Pedro Nunes, Head of Global Human Resources Operations of the group, the companys success is largely due to the gender policy of the group; the HR policies have been built on the principle of hiring the right people and hence it automatically maintains a gender balance in the organisation. Another case that the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2005) has studied with respect to gender and HR policies is that of Nestle. Nestle France has faced major challenges with respect to gender imbalances in the company which has affected its reputation globally. The multinationals HR policies in recruitment and other areas such as training are seen to be highly discriminatory by the union; women are not promoted to senior positions, they are not sent on training, and much of their demands are not addressed by the senior management. This resulted in unbalanced salary structures between men and women, limited training opportunities for women, and very few promotions for women to senior levels. French legislation has passed considerable bills that force firms not to discriminate on the basis of gender; companies with a workforce of over 200 are required to even have equality commissions. Nestle France however falls short in displaying gender quality and hence falls behind other global competitors such as Danone. The management did get concern about the discriminatory practices in the company and hence conducted a survey which showed drastic discrimination against women. Nestle France consequently made changes in its HR policies to tackle this problem and by 2003 the company had female managers in high positions and a female member on its board. Nestle has also put certain mechanisms to ensure gender equality as part of its global HR policy. Nestle France clearly illustrates an example whereby how gender-biased HR policies can affect the reputation of companies. If companies do not address these issues, they fail to gain competitive advantage over other firms, just like Nestle France has lost it to Danone. The Case of Norway Gender greatly affects the reputation of countries because of which they continue including it in HR policy formation. Norway has been given the status of forerunners regarding gender equality in Europe; it is also among the top countries that promote female participation in the workforce. However, the government of Norway, even after these statuses regarding gender equality, realised that the companies operating in Norway did not have much representation of women in leadership positions. To counter this issue, the government encouraged companies to formulate HR policies that give more opportunities to women and increase their role in leadership positions. Another reason they formulated such policies was because the country realised that they are wasting the 50% female population of the country and were not utilising these resources when females could contribute to the society in similar ways as men could. The Ministerial Intervention at the EU Informal Ministerial Meeting on Gender Equality (2008) discussed gender bias-free HR policies as a precondition for building competitive organisations in the global corporate world. The MNCs also saw women as the future and a sign of modernity for them which encouraged them to formulate gender-friendly HR policies. Due to these reasons, the gender balance requirement was set in Norway which was at 40% in all companies. This has proven successful across Norway; hence, it can be concluded that gender does affect HR policies in multinational companies and other companies, especially when countries, as a whole, realise the strategic importance of gender bias-free policies. Gender Pay Inequalities One of the major reasons for gender-based discrimination in MNCs is pay (Blau and Kahn, 2007). Many labor force statistics reveal the existence of gender pay gaps. In the USA, an average woman had to work until April 2008 at the present gap rate in order to earn what an average man earned towards the end of 2007 (The National Womens Law Center, 2008). Likewise, in the European Union, there are a number of MNCs being biased in their HR policies where the matter is related to pay structures. An average full time working woman in the UK would miss approximately  £369,000 in her working life (BBC News, 14.11.2008). At times, women do not even realise that they are being discriminated against on the basis of pay structures; in some cases, women may be aware of the discrimination as per company HR policies; however, they might not consider pay disparities as important when compared to other dimensions of work (Khoreva, 2009). The Global Gender Gap Index Gender, being a discriminatory factor in global HR policies, has become so important in todays globalised world that a need for a Global Gender Gap Index has arisen. Gender greatly affects the HR policies of MNCs, consequently creating gender gaps. The Global Gender Gap Index scrutinises the gap between women and men in four basic yet extremely important areas: economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment and health and survival (The Global Gender Gap, 2008). It can be concluded form the report that the gap has been widening globally as the number of countries with widening gaps in 2006-2007 was 24, where as in 2007-2008 the number was 41 (The Global Gender Gap, 2008). Although countries with narrowing gaps are more than countries with widening gaps, the percentage of improvement is decreasing over the years; from 91% in 2006-2007, the rate has gone down to 87% in 2007-2008 (The Global Gender Gap, 2008). Hence, it is evident that MNCs globally are not addressing gender discriminatory issues in their HR policies as the Global Gender Gap Index is continuously increasing. Conclusion The discussion throughout this paper focused on different factors and reasons that affect HR policy formation; policy formation is not only based on corporate philosophies that promote gender equality or favor women, however there are multiple ways by which gender affects HR policy formation in multinational companies. Gender equality greatly affects HR policies in multinational companies primarily because of the global village the world has shrunk into. The need of the hour is the integration of the entire world where gender plays an extremely important and crucial role. Gender equality has become a prerequisite in developing multinational companies into highly competitive organisations. The world has become so competitive that in order to survive, companies will not just have to include women in its workforce but also invest in their training and development in order to help them reach leadership positions in top management. If companies favour either of the two genders, they will never be able to achieve success levels that organisations having gender bias-free HR policies might have achieved or will achieve in the future. Incorporating gender as a major factor in formulating HR policies especially in multinational companies motivates the local population of the host country. It helps bring the youth of the country, both men and women, together in contributing to society and more by being part of these companies. Finally, equal opportunity policies should be formulated as HR policies of multinational companies so that these companies are able to develop trust between the people of host countries they are operating in and the MNCs as that will facilitate the entire process of global communication and make the world a better place to live and work in.

Immigration in New York Essay -- Immigrants U.S. Economy Economics Ess

Immigration in New York I was born 23 years ago in the Dominican Republic, an island located in the Greater Antilles. There is a saying from my country that goes "Mi tiera mi corazon" meaning my country my love, which explain exactly how I felt about the Dominican Republic. To me the Island of Santo Domingo is the greatest in the World; there are beautiful people, gorgeous weather and all the mangoes I could have eaten. Then one day my parents gave me the bad news, they were moving to this place called New York, they told my brother and me that they would send for us later. That was 12 years ago and now here I am living in New York, the greatest city in the world, next to my Santo Domingo. When I was younger New York seemed as big as the world, I often heard my parents talked about how New York had so many jobs, and was the richest place in the world. I could not wait to see how this place was. No one told me that New York had a crime rate higher than the Empire state building, no one told me that certain New Yorkers would hate me because of my color, no one told me how New York eats one of it's children, for every orphan it took in. As a first generation immigrant this topic is dear to my heart, because I know it first hand. This paper will deal with the history of immigration in New York, specifically the later part of the twentieth century. I will look at the history of this great city and how it impacted us, and how Immigrants have contributed to its mystique, color and vibrancy. I will also discuss specific neighborhoods, the people who live there, and their impact on the economy. I will also discuss the recent anti-immigration trend like Proposition 187. The middle colonies had a well-earned reputation for cu... ... George. Friends or Strangers: The Impact of Immigrants on the U.S economy (1990) 2. Daniels, Roger. Coming To America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life (1990) 3. Fuchs, Lawrence. The American Kaleidoscope: Race, ethnicity, and the Civic Culture 4. Chan, Scheng. Asian Americans: An Interpretive History 5. Bodnar, John. The transplanted: a History of Immigrants in Urban American (1985) 6. Reimers, David. Still the Golden Door: the Third World Comes To America. (1992) 7. Brendel, Christine. Modern Immigration. Amawalk, New York: Golden Owl Publishing Co., 1998. 8. Berrol, Selmacantor. The Empire City: New York and Its People. West Port, Conn: Praeger, 1997. 9. Pencak, William, Selma Berrol, and Randall M. Miller, Eds. Immigration to New York. Philadelphia: Balch Institute Press, 1991.

Constantinople :: essays research papers fc

This essay will attempt to analyse and explain all the causes and factors that lead to the choice of Constantinople as eastern capital of the empire. From the very outset the reasons for such a catalytic â€Å"move†, which provided the impetus for the creation of a new era, will be examined as lucidly as possible. To conclude, having appraised the above, much light will be thrown on the choice of Constantinople, amongst other locations, as the eastern capital of the empire in terms of geographical position, religious and economical factors. Numerous were the reasons that gradually led to the movement of the empire to the East. Initially, Rome was very far from the regions of the shores of the Bosphorus and the river Euphrates and thus unable to confront effectively the empire’s most significant enemies (the Goths and the Persians) that had made their appearance from the 3rd century. Additionally, Rome, a centre of paganism, with its memories of municipal traditions and â€Å"republican sentiment, with its aristocratic, educated and fiercely traditionalist senators †, had begun to annoy the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great (337-362). He, himself, was a vigorous supporter of Christianity and especially after the prolonged period of his successful confrontation with Licinius (314-323), he was convinced that the future belonged to the Christians and for that reason, he decided to turn decisively towards the East, which was the main source and origin of the new religion. Furthermore, from the 3rd century onw ards, most of the emperors originated from provinces and did not share significant bonds with Rome. What Constantine visualised instead of sacrifices to pagan deities and four emperors with irregular courts and capitals, was an empire with one emperor and one established capital, along with a splendid innovative church devoted to the glory of the one true God . He therefore regarded the foundation of a new city as the most important symbol of his deeper aim, the renewal of the empire. In 324, the old Greek trading city of Byzantium (modern Istanbul) was chosen by Constantine the Great as the ultimate spot for the new city that would form the headquarters of the empire in the East and was renamed after his own name, Constantinople (Constantinou-polis). It is a fact that among the fundamental criteria for choosing this specific location were its strategic geographical position between Europe and Asia, its strategic value for the command of the seas and of the main routes over-land from East to West and from North to South, as well as the right connection between the centre and the periphery of the Empire.

Modular Arithmetic

One   can   always   say, ‘ it   is   7.00   p.m.’ and   the   same   fact   can   be   also   put   as   ‘ it  is   19.00 ’. If   the   truth   underlying   these   two   statements   is   understood   well, one   has  understood   ‘ modular mathematics ‘   well. The   conventional   arithmetic   is   based   on   linear   number   system   known   as   the  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ number   line’.   Modular   Arithemetic   was   introduced   by   Carl   Friedrich   Gauss   in   1801, in   his   book ‘ Disquisitiones   Arithmeticae’. (modular).   It   is   based   on   circle.   A   circle   can   be   divided   into   any   number   of   parts. Once   divided, each   part   can   be  named   as   a   number, just   like   a   clock, which   consists   of   12   divisions   and   each  division   is   numbered   progressively. Usually, the   starting   point   is   named   as ‘0’. So,the   starting   point   of   a   set   of   numbers   on   a   clock   is   ‘0’   and   not   ‘1’. Since   the  divisions  Ã‚   are 12, all   integers , positive   or   negative, which   are   multiples   of   12, will  always   be   corresponding   to   0,   on   the   clock. Hence, number   18   on   a   clock  corresponds   to   18/12 . Here   the   remainder   is   6,   so   the   answer   of   13 + 5   will   be   6 Similarly, the   same   number 18, on   a   circle   with   5   divisions   will   represent   number  3, as   3   is   the   remainder   when   18   is   divided   by   5.Some   examples   of   addition   and   multiplication   with   mod   (5): 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6   +   5   = 11. Now   11/5   gives   remainder   1. Hence   the   answer   is   1. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   13   +   35 = 48. Now, 48/5   gives   3   as   remainder. Hence   the   answer   is   3. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   9   +   ( -4) = 5. Now   5/5   gives   0   as   remainder. Hence   the   answer   is   0. 4)   14   +   ( – 6 ) = 8 . Now   8/5   gives   3   as   remainder. So   the   answer   is   3. Some examples of multiplication with mod ( 5 ). 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6   X   11 = 66. Now, 66/5   gives   1   as   remainder. So   the   answer   is   1. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   13 X 8 = 104. Now   104/5   gives   4   as   remainder . So   the   answer   is   4 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   316 X – 2 = -632. Now, 632/5   gives   2 as   remainder. For negative numbers   the   calculation   is   anticlockwise. So , for negative numbers, the  answer   will   be   numbers   of   divisions   (mod)   divided   by   the   remainder.Here the   answer   will be 3. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   13 X –7 = – 91. Now, 91/5   gives 1 as remainder. But, the answer will be 5 – 1 = 4. So   the   answer   is   4. Works-cited page 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modular, Modular Arithmetic, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2006, Retrieved on   19-02-07 from < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic> 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The entire explanation is based on a web page available at , < http://www.math.csub.edu/faculty/susan/number_bracelets/mod_arith.html> Additional   information: An   automatic   calculator   of   any   type   of   operations   with   any  numbers   in   modular   arithmetic   is   available   on   website: < http://www.math.scub.edu/faculty/susan/faculty/modular/modular.html >         

Explore The Ways In Which Susan Hill Presents The Woman In Black

Explore the ways in which Susan Hill presents the woman in black. Before we meet the woman, Susan Hill uses the description of the setting in ‘A London Particular’ to foresee what she is like, predicting something wicked. London was described as â€Å"Inferno† full of â€Å"red-eyed and demonic† â€Å"ghostly figures†. These all suggest that Hill was describing or comparing London to Hell, which could imply that Mr Arthur Kipps was about to enter into his own personal hell, containing a â€Å"ghostly figure† of haunting and torment.Hill uses London’s â€Å"filthy, evil smelling fog† that â€Å"choked and blinded the Londoners as a way to pre-empt the sea mist that appears later in the novel, in ‘The Sound of a Pony and Trap’. They both engulfed their surroundings like a â€Å"veil† of mystery and suffering. The fog could have also suggested that Kipps was unaware of the Hell in his near future, he could not s ee what lay in front of him. There is a possibility the fog was a metaphor for the impending suffering and misfortune that lay ahead for Arthur Kipps.‘The Funeral of Mrs Drablow’ is a crucial chapter in the novel as this is the first time the woman is seen and mentioned. Kipps describes her as a woman â€Å"dressed in the deepest black† and wearing a â€Å"bonnet† which seemed to have â€Å"gone out of fashion†, which suggests straight away that the woman is out of place, not only at the funeral, but also in that time period. Her clothes were â€Å"a little rusty looking† and this gives the impression that her clothes are ageing, which links with her alienation from the rest of the funeral attendants.She is described as having a †terrible wasting disease† with the â€Å"thinnest layer of flesh tautly stretched and strained across her bones.† Her face was â€Å"pathetically wasted’ extremely â€Å"pale and gauntâ₠¬  with almost a â€Å"blue-white sheen†. This all gives a sense of a ghost, the whole portrayal sounding ghoulish. Kipps instantly feels sympathy towards the woman, as he refers to her as â€Å"a not inconsiderable former beauty† and â€Å"poor thing.† This is highly contrasted to how she was anticipated from the London setting.The woman’s haunting effect on her victims is shown through Mr Jerome and his reaction. Arthur Kipps had merely mentioned her physical appearance,  before â€Å"Mr Jerome stopped dead.† She has the power to scare a grown man to the core without being seen. The woman seemed to bring inextricable memories to Jerome that leave him, â€Å"frozen, pale† and paralysed with absolute terror. This is also shown in the way Kipps acts in ‘Christmas Eve.’ The thought of the woman sends him into â€Å"a frenzy of agitation† all those years later. The woman was â€Å"an inextricable part of [his] past.† She leaves her victims with a horror â€Å"that is now woven into [their] very fibres.†The woman next appears in the small burial ground behind Eel Marsh House in ‘Across The Causeway’. Kipps became â€Å"suddenly conscious of the extreme bleakness and eeriness of the† burial ground. This gives the impression that even before he sees the woman, Arthur is aware of the evil atmosphere that she brings with her. Hill uses the presentation of the unsettling setting and atmosphere in the burial ground, to show that her presence is overwhelming and she is a malignant character.Hill then goes on to describe the woman as one with a â€Å"pallor not of flesh so much as bone itself†. This shows that, similar to his feeling at the funeral, Kipps still pities the woman. However, this emotion alters virtually instantly. He notices her expression of â€Å"yearning malevolence.† She looked as though â€Å"she was searching for something she wanted, neede d-must have. â€Å" Here, Hill presents the malevolent side to the woman, unlike at the funeral, where Kipps sees the woman as a pathetic figure.She uses an immediate contrast between the way Kipps felt previously and the feelings he felt towards the woman in the burial ground, the pity to sheer horror in a matter of sentences. This is effective because it changes the feel of the novel and it also links to the hellish setting of London in ‘A London Particular.’ This same facial expression caused not only Arthur’s mind but also his body, to become â€Å"possessed† and out of control. He had â€Å"become paralysed† by her aura. Hill uses the deep description about how Kipps is feeling as a strong way to create an ominous atmosphere.In ‘In The Nursery’, Kipps was lulled into a false sense of security before he entered the child’s play room. He heard â€Å"the noise within the room† â€Å"that meant comfort and safety† : ‘the sound of the wooden runners of† a rocking  chair. Hill uses the softness and sweetness of Arthur’s memory to contradict the fear and shock he feels when he sees the nursery in shambles. The great difference between these two moods makes the obliteration of the nursery and the woman’s revenge more powerful and impactful.Susan Hill also presents the woman by using the weather to foreshadow how she acts in the following chapter. The wildness, violence, strength and intensity of the woman is shown through the â€Å"thick cloud lying low over the marshes†, â€Å"stronger wind† and â€Å"raw coldness†.The woman’s â€Å"yearning malevolence† was finally fulfilled in ‘A Packet of Letters’ when she turned the child’s nursery from being â€Å"in such good order† to â€Å"a state of disarray†. The demolition of the room was described as being â€Å"caused by a gang of robbers† which s hows that the woman, who was originally portrayed as a frail, â€Å"extremely pale† young woman, â€Å"suffering from some terrible wasting disease†, had so much anger, such violence and hatred building inside her that she was able to conduct the same amount of destruction as a gang of brutal men, the clothes dragged out of the cupboard â€Å"like entrails from a wounded body.The powerful imagery shows the woman as a vicious murder, â€Å"bent on mad, senseless destruction.† She was unable to bear the fact that Nathaniel would never use the nursery again, and she was so bitter that after sixty years had passed, she was still causing havoc.To conclude, Susan Hill presents the woman in black as the malicious ghost of a young spiteful woman full of hatred and hungry for revenge. She does this using contrast in atmosphere, weather and setting, as well as her appearance and actions throughout the novel. The actions of revenge she takes are ones of pain and suffering for others, she wishes for them to feel the same as she does. Her actions are understandable, but under no circumstances are they forgivable.

Culture Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culture Comparison - Essay Example Kinship is determined in different ways within different societies but relates to two underlying principles of descent – unilineal and cognatic. Societies that are concerned with unilineal descent trace either their father’s (patrilineal) or their mother’s (matrilineal) group; those concerned with both their matrilineal and patrilineal descent are said to be concerned with cognative descent. Cognative traces can involve any of four variations including bilineal (matrilineal and patrilineal), ambilineal (both recognized, but individuals can choose which one they accept), parallel (females follow their matrilineal descent and males follow their patrilineal descent groups) and bilateral (descent is traced from all biological ancestors) (O’Neil, 2006). ... Individual people are recognized in accordance with their real family and ancestors or their membership of a particular set (Bavin, 1991, p.323). They also focus on matrilineal, patrilineal and generational moieties, semi-moieties, and subsections. The subsection system disseminates the people into eight categories that distinguish between male and female members in each (everyculture.com). The Navajo, on the other hand, function within a matrilineal system and is thus unilineal. Every Navajo belongs to one of the sixty-four clans (everyculture.com), wherein membership is passed via the mother’s family. In the same way that clan membership is inherited in the female line of kinship, property is also inherited from the female side but advantage and property however, are passed from male to male, but the mother’s brother passes both to her (his sister’s) children. Although operating within a matrilineal system the Navajo also believe they are born for the clan of t heir father (everyculture.com). Two to six matrilineal clans can form a clan group if they consider themselves to be affiliated but they are not given a clan group name (Aberle, 1961). Within Warlpiri, as in other indigenous Australian systems, the ‘collaterals and lineals are merged’ (Frey, 2008), meaning that the system is extended to all people in the society and even further to those outside and beyond the society. The following diagram provides a way of illustrating Warlpiri genealogy, wherein it shows that an aunt is only found in reference to the father’s sister – no aunt is so named on the mother’s side – and the term uncle is only found on the mother’s side in reference to the mother’s brother. The

Historical Event in S. Korea that Affected on Family Business, Work Essay

Historical Event in S. Korea that Affected on Family Business, Work Experience, Life (1910-2000) - Essay Example A short history of how things were in the period 1910-1945 In 1910-1945, Korea was colonized by Japan. Changes were clearly noticed in the way the country carried out its political, social, economic endeavors. Not much was done in the business perspective of this country. The Japanese took over the Korea’s fertile lands, their buildings and businesses (Savada and Shaw 1990, 24). During this time, the country was in dire need for capital and advanced technology. Japan took up the responsibility of making sure that Korea had a good infrastructure. The Japanese were tough in their rule, and did their best to make sure that the Korean people assimilated the Japanese culture including the types of names, their kind of religion and even their national and official language. In this period, most citizens never thought of Korea’s economic development. They had lost their power and control of their own nation. They concentrated on earning for their basic needs and lived in extre me poverty. Fortunately, my great grandfather had a small store where he used to make and dye fabric which sustained him in the hard times. He was able to give his family a good life. My grandfather was advantaged to even go to Pai Chai Hak Dang, one of the expensive schools; this was rear at that time. Chai Hak Dang was the most expensive intermediate school then. Most students who were lucky to enroll into these schools dropped out because of lack of school fees. They were then employed in factories, publishing firms and in farming activities where they lived a desperate life due to the low income (Chance and Thatcher 2012). At last, the Japanese surrendered in 1945, and by 1948 the South Korean republic was formed by the democrats while the republicans formed the republic of North Korea. In 1950, South Korea was captured by North Korea. During this time, my grandfather was only 17 years old. He describes this time as the hardest that ever occurred on the Korean soil. The North Ko rean army and the USSR had joined hands to make life unbearable. He was scared and couldn’t stand the thought of him ever losing his family or his own life because people around him were dying every day and to the living, their hopes were destroyed because of the ongoing war and lack of basic needs. Young South Korean men were forcefully recruited into the army to fight, and my grandfather had to hide from them. It was impossible for him to look for necessities for his family. He stopped thinking about his bright future and only thought of how to survive. My grandfather’s family moved to safety in the south and on their way, they witnessed the death of many people. At this time, he was captured and joined the army forcefully at the age of 18 years. He was well educated, and this gave him the opportunity to join the cadet where he worked for ten years. Note that as from 1945, as noted by (Pike, 2011), many experienced Korean cadets came back to their country and had for med the armed forces. Under the rule of the U.S.A, the group was dissolved, and its members were taken into the defense force which comprised of 25,000 heads of soldiers. In 1945, the U.S.A. organized for an academy where the cadets were trained. The cadets were commissioned immediately they cleared their Basic English education. United States took up Korea on the 27th day of the seventh month in the year 1950 under the leadership of General McArthur. As a cadet in this organization, my

Position Arguments on Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Position Arguments on Immigration - Essay Example en (160) points out some of these central immigration setbacks such as political tussles and dissension, multiplex wide contradictory state standpoints which have resulted in subsidized final U.S.A immigration procedures (161). Steve points out that vast attempts by the developing nations to combat immigration via coming up with new rules has flopped. Tim Johnson (163) proclaims in his Free Trade: As U.S.A Corn Flows South, Mexicans Stop Farming that free trade standpoint is not the perfect option in curbing immigration since controlled by vast firms (and bureaus) and managed by global associates such as the International Monetary Fund altogether with North America Free Trade Agreement which as a result has led to disparity and inconsistencies among the Latin American states overall financial systems (164). Brandon Hill (168) in Tennessee Daily Life points out that this financial recession came about after vast agribusiness agencies purchased large territories of Mexican cultivation lands and hence compelling the poverty-stricken inhabitants to shift and resettle. The unsettled poverty-stricken individuals result to seeking refuge from advanced states inclusive of the United States of America. Samuel P. Huntington (169) in his The Special Case of Mexican Immigration asserts that it is prerequisite to differentiate between settlers and immigrants, quoting that immigrants transverse between one or several societies (or communities for that matter). Huntington shows concern over the unwon immigrant’s battle. He points outs that, if for instance, the immigrants were issued with documents of residents after every ten years since 19th century; almost 1% of the emigration menace would have been cleared each succeeding year (170). In addition, David L. Altheide (180) in his The Arizona Syndrome: Propaganda and the Politics of Fear proclaims that fear has largely constituted into the contemporary erroneous statistics in the mass media concerning the illicit emigrants

Global ,societal,and contemporary lssues Research Proposal

Global ,societal,and contemporary lssues - Research Proposal Example Regarding global economy, the engineering profession is likely to change in the next 20 years due to developments in the global economy. The energy consumption in the world is expected to rise because of rapidly increasing population. Thus, the major source of fuel that is fossil fuel may diminish and fail to provide enough energy to cater for the population. At the same time, more emphasis is on the development of energy from renewable sources in order counter the effects of global warming caused by use of fossil fuels (Wuestenhagen 2689). Therefore, electrical engineering will change to accommodate the need to produce energy from alternative sources other than fossil fuels. These alternative sources include solar energy, geothermal energy, and wind energy. Concerning societal impact, the electronic engineering profession has documented a number of inventions and technological developments that have had impacts on societies and cultures. For instance, cell phones have eased communication across places and countries, even in the remotest regions of the world. This faster communication is of great advantage because it enhance faster transfer of information, and allows individuals to connect with family members who are far. At the same time, cell phones have had negative impacts on communities including contributing to anti-social behaviors among friends and family members (Baron 5). Thus, interaction between individuals has become digital more than physical leading to introduction of digital culture. Contemporary technical issues in engineering include nanotechnology, which plays an important role in the society. Nanotechnology is a combination of science and engineering disciplines that deal with units larger than molecules and atoms, but fall in the range of 1-100 nanometers (BBC 2). Nanotechnology has been applied in several aspects of life including medicine to

There have been many significant inventions that changed the way Essay

There have been many significant inventions that changed the way people live their lives. What, in your opinion, is one signific - Essay Example Thesis Statement - While technological advances such as electricity and the internet improved the lives of people in many ways, they did not really contribute to stopping the continued systematic oppression of more than 50% of the world’s population. The Early Forms of Birth Control In the ancient world, many women and a few men thought seriously about how to create a product that could stop women from conceiving every time they experienced sexual intimacy. It was an understood fact, even then, that continued pregnancies were greatly harmful to the bodies of women. There have been records found to verify that crude forms of condoms were made out of the intestines of animals in ancient Greece. There were also poultices formed from as assortment of strange substances which were used by women. Moreover, most of these methods were unsuccessful in stopping pregnancy. Birth control was viewed as being a taboo subject that ‘respectable’ women would not engage in. ... Birth Control in the Early Days According to Engelman, from 1800 to 1900 in the United States alone, nine out of every 1000 women would lose their lives during childbirth (Engelman, 24). The American government actively discouraged the distribution of any information regarding matters to do with controlling pregnancy or spacing the numbers of children that a woman had. Engaging in such activities was seen as being in support of the propagation of pornographic activities. Moreover, the American government did not say or do much about the many women who were dying on a daily basis during childbirth. As speaking frankly about reproductive matters was something that could be prosecuted under state as well as federal laws of the time, women in the 18th century did not know or understand much as concerning their bodies or reproductive systems. For women’s lives to be improved, they have to be able to control their reproductive lives. In the 18th century, as well as in all centuries prior, there were different methods that some couples resorted to in order to prevent pregnancy. In some families, a married couple would actually visit relatives separately as a way of dealing with the temptation to engage in sexual intercourse. A few couples tried to use abstinence, even when they were living together, to limit the birth of children. Many couples, however, preferred the withdrawal method, or other untested techniques that involved the use of sponges, condoms, cervical caps, and douches. All these methods, though, were not very successful. The majority of sponges and creams even brought serious health-related problems for their users. Abstinence did not work for the most part because it required complete self-denial on the part of the husband. Women, who were well aware of

In this chapter the writer uses the setting of the chapter to explain the feeling of all the main characters Essay Example for Free

In this chapter the writer uses the setting of the chapter to explain the feeling of all the main characters Essay In this chapter the writer uses the setting of the chapter to explain the feeling of all the main characters. When we first meet the family they are walking down a road which is all dirty and surrounded by dirt. The nature around them is dying out or rotting. This we can apply to both characters feeling; Micheal feels like his marriage spoiled or ruined his chance of a good life or any fortunes. Whereas Susan feels like she is dying or has died in Micheals heart since he is ready to sell her like he wouldve sold a horse in an auction. Hardy uses nature many times in this chapter. At one time when Micheal is auctioning Susan we are told that a sparrow flies in and everyone watches the sparrow till it disappears. This could in fact be showing us Susans position. Everyone watches her till she is able to go out of the tent with Newson the sailor. Hardy uses a lot of contrast to show the readers Micheals two sides, in this chapter. In the last chapter we saw Micheal in his drunken state which was his dark side. We saw his greed and bad temper. In chapter 2 though we see Micheal when he is sober and when he finds out what he has done. He shows determination in finding his wife and takes responsibility, however even in this chapter we see Micheals bad side when he blames Susan for being simple minded enough to think the auction was binding. Also we see his negative points when he is too proud of himself to tell people why he is searching for his wife. We straight away see that these two sides of Micheals will be a great factor in this book. In this chapter Hardy relives the walk to Weydon-Priors. Only this time the people walking are in a more loving situation. Also there are two women. The women obviously feel love for each other because they are holding each others hands. The fact that they are both wearing black gowns straight away gives us an idea of why these two women have come back this way. Also this is the first time we see Elizabeth- Jane in her grown up state and we see that she is brought up as a very nice girl. Although we see straight away that she is brought up in a rich lifestyle when she tells her mother that the infirmity tent isnt respectable. At this point e see for the first time that Hardy adds suspence when he decides to bring Susan back to Micheal. The reader wonders why Susan is so determined to meet him. He main question is why ahs Susan never told Elizabeth when she is old enough to know. Casterbridge is described in great detail and because Hardy has a gift for description we can almost see the town come to life. We also find that the town is eager to spread gossip when two women willingly tell Susan about the gossip of the bread and the town. We can see from detailed point that the public will be a very important point in the book. Micheal also reveals his caring point when he tells the towns people that the wheat is not really safe to eat. We also se that Micheal is true to his oath not to drink, when in his meeting he only drinks water. Near the end of the meeting we see the Angry Micheal side when he makes a sharp retort. We see a description of Farfrae and immediately we can tell that he is the total opposite of Henchard. Both in looks and we think in personality. Also through the names of the pubs and inns we can see that maybe Hardy is trying to make a point. When they go to the three mariners then Hardy could be trying to say that they are among the waves of chance. The fact that chance plays a big role in this novel and especially in this chapter. Its by chance that Farfrae hears about the corn and has the solution or that Elizabeth-Jane notices him and that they all stay at the three mariners. Also the way Michael misses his family by a few minutes on his way to see the man. We can assume that Hardy is proving the powers working against mankind in this chapter. In this chapter we see little irony when Elizabeth-Jane says that they must stay at the fancy inn yet then gets a job as a serving maid which is not too respectable it self. While we can say that Elizabeth-Jane is making sacrifices for her mother, we can still remember that the towns people have seen Elizabeth serving them and they will remember her face later on. Also in this chapter we pity Michael when we learn that he is lonely and we guess that what he wants is a business partner or a friend. Farfrae is straight away the person that comes to mind. Though again we see a bit of fickleness in Michaels attitude when he cannot even remember the old mangers name. Farfrae then decides to sing fro the towns people and its by chance that the people are in the mood for his sad songs and Elizabeth-Jane who has been eyeing him, has her heart set on him. When the townspeople talk to Farfrae we know straight away that he has the ability to charm people and when he sings he is charmed them further. We can assume that the reason that the townspeople like the sad songs is because they feel like the story of the song represents them in a way, with their lost ideals. We can even see a bit of this in Micheal himself. Also Elizabeth-Jane misinterprets the songs that Farfrae sings and when her mother says he Elizabeth assumes its about Farfrae. These misunderstandings prove to be a problem later on. In the next chapter wee that both Susan and Micheal have to turn towards the younger generation to save themselves. Susan saves her marriage by sending Elizabeth-Jane with the note to Micheal and Micheal saves his business by begging Farfrae to say on as manager. When Elizabeth-Jane takes the walk through the town it creates a time of suspense because it is stalling the meeting between Micheal and Susan and it cuts the conversation between Micheal and Farfrae. Mostly though it shows us just how much power Micheal ahs in his town socially and business wise. Again we see a contrast between Michaels sides when at first he acts kindly towards Elizabeth-Jane, when he learns who she is. Also when he sends back Susan five guineas we feel that he is almost trying to buy her back since five guineas are how much was paid for her before. Yet we see his cold side again when he coldly turns down Joshua Jopp about his interview and he has created a new enemy at the same time. Later also Micheal explodes on Elizabeth-Jane and cannot even calm himself down. Also in this chapter we see a proud side of Michael when he asks to see Susan in a secret place and will not see her in public incase they might be seen and found out. Slowly we will see this part of his attitude be a big part of his downfall. In the next chapter when Micheal has asked to see Susan in the ring and we get the description of the place it automatically sets a place for something negative to take place. Almost a place where nothing positive can happen. Hardy backs this himself by saying, the boys cannot make this a good cricket field. This ring is maybe meant to show Hardys life in a way that Hardy is known for his architecture and his liking to the Greek mythology in a way. The Roundness representing the coliseum and the positiveness being kept away by ghosts of the past like the killed gladiator or the woman who was strangled. This is like a metaphor in a way to their relationship. Micheal will fall in battle and his control is so tight on Susan it might almost be strangling her. The next chapter gives us an idea of our speculation is chapter 3 about another woman in Micheals life. We learn that this woman is infact living in Jersey. We already know that when a person is included in Hardys plots he is never easily forgotten so when we hear about this woman we straight away know she will affect the plot. Again this chapter reveals a lot when Micheal reveals to his best friend that he is very lonely and would like a friend. We guess straight away that he ahs also made a mistake when he reveals his whole past to someone he has only known for a day. He tells Farfrae everything and doesnt think of any consequences that could later occur. We see Farfrae first ability in this chapter after he handles his position very well with his new boss. Even though he has plans to eat alone he decides to dine with Micheal and when he is asked about help on how to handle his problem with the lady in Jersey he gives an answer that could start the first sign of discord between the two people. He tells Micheal that he should firstly tell Elizabeth-Jane the truth about her mother and father and he disagrees and gets rather angry. Yet he forgets that it was him who in the first place told him about all his past secrets. In this chapter we finally see Micheal openly court Susan and then propose to her. Even though this should be good new the whole chapter caries ill will which is mostly carried by the townspeople. We can maybe use the natures reaction to show out the feelings of Micheal and Susan. When the two enter the church to get married it is raining quite badly and it is very dark almost showing how the two really feel about each other. Hardy uses these nature effects to show the reader how the two feel about each either. By hiding the meaning of the nature effects it almost showing that the two have hidden their feelings about each other. The townspeople also add most of the uneasiness. They dont actually know the secret about the wedding but they have an idea that something is not right. They immediately feel that Susan is not at the same class as Micheal which is ironic because Michael is the one with the worst background out of the two. In this chapter we know for sure that something about Elizabeth-Jane is being hidden because not only does Micheal keep going on about her hair colour but he starts asking her to change her second name. Also we find out that Micheal maybe getting rather annoyed with Farfrae when he gets angry at little things that Farfrae says. At one time he even dismisses Farfraes opinion by saying dont take too much thought about things. Also since Elizabeth-Jane has started growing in her new place she starts to bloom a certain beauty. Yet she still remembers her old lifes