The Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971

The Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971India Pakistan War 1971 alike known as Bangladesh Liberation War was as armed conflict between India and eastern United States Pakistan against west contendd Pakistan. The war resulted in massive defeat of due west Pakistan and coitus interruptus of easterly Pakistan which is now known as Bangladesh. The war broke unwrap on November 14 1971, initially winning East Pakistan and western United States Pakistan, and ulterior joined by India after attack of railway line jacket Pakistan on the Indian telephone line Bases on celestial latitude third 1971. The war lasted until December seventeenth 1971. The cultural difference, economic exploitation, and language controversy between East Pakistan and West Pakistan led to separatist movement in East Pakistan. The army of West Pakistan launched exertion Searchlight to crush the movement. The massacre of thousands of civilians in East Pakistan was the main let of the war. This research paper exa mines the study of the major combats and tactics used by both militaries.India and Pakistan got freedom from British rule and became separate nations in sniffy 1947. Since then they fought many wars. In the year of 1971, East Pakistan which was the part of Pakistan in the first place started protesting against the policy of the Pakistani organization. Pakistani failure to accommodate demands for autonomy in East Pakistan led to a separatist movement. West Pakistani Government launched fierce campaign called Operation Searchlight to crush the separatist movement. In 1971 West Pakistani Army carried out genocide in East Pakistan. Millions were killed and most ten millions refugees fled to India during the genocide. India already suffering from humanitarian and economic crisis was not satisfactory to carry burden of 10 million refugees. India started aiding to the Liberation Army of East Pakistan also called as Mukti Bahini to make East Pakistan an independent state and reconstr uct those refugees back to their homeland. This way the war in Eastern Theater started engaging Indian Military, West Pakistani Military and Liberation Army. To release the extort from the soldiers fighting in the East Pakistan and, to draw worlds attention away from the Genocide, West Pakistani Air storm attacked Indian Air Bases on December 3rd 1971. After the attack, India tallyicially entered into war with West Pakistan.December 3rd 1971, 5.45 pm in evening, Pakistan launched massive attack against India by bombing Indian Airfields at Amritsar, Pathankot, Srinagar, Avantipur, Uttarlai, Faridpur, Chandigarh, Ambala and Agra. Pakistans main intention was to carry out massive air attack like the one that Israel carried out against Egypt in 1967 destroying Egyptian Air force tout ensemble.It was pre-emptive strike to destroy the Indian Air big businessman (IAF) completely before launching massive ground attack. The Pakistani Air Force (PAF) plane came in formation of 2, 3 and 6 and could not brace any irreparable damage to Indian planes or to Runway. Pakistan Air Force didnt succeed because of the simple reason that the Israeli plan that was studied and rehearsed by PAF was also studied by IAF. So the Pakistani attack on Indian Air bases was partially known to IAF thats why IAF took necessary anxiety for such kind of attack. The Indian command had dispersed most of its war planes from the forward air field to the interior areas which were away from the normal drop of Pakistani Bombers. IAF took the precaution of hiding their planes inside the concrete pens so that unless direct hit can destroy the plane. Almost all the Indian airfields were protected by the ack-ack anti aircraft guns hidden under the camouflaged netting.In response to Pakistani attack, Indian Air Force planes took off for Pakistan at the mid iniquity 12.30 Am on December 4th 1971. Indian bombers attacked almost all Pakistani air fields in the West at bottom 5 hour of taking to the a ir. IAF flew 500 sorties on the first night of attack. IAF flew equal amount of sorties in east and west but did more(prenominal) damage in East Pakistan. IAF destroyed half of the strength of PAF in east and PAF was left with only 9 Sabre Jets in the east. On 6th December 1971 IAF carried out 120 sorties for ground attack only. The IAF aeronaut went to Attock to bomb Pakistani Refinery. Along with that, they destroyed eight railway invest carrying military supplies and ammunitions and 22 wagons of goods train. IAF destroyed Pakistani target such as Bridges, Petrol Pumps, tanks, armored vehicles etc. IAF pilots carried out attacks on the PAF airbases at Mianwali, Murid,Sargodha, Sharkot, Chander and Risawala. During the 14 Day war period, IAF flew some 4000 stories in the west and 2000 in the East.IAF also helped ground troops in many ground battles.In the horse opera Theater of war, the Indian Navy under the command of Vice admiral Kohli achieved success by attacking Karachis p ort in the code named Operation Trident on the night of 4-5 December. Pakistani Naval headquarters was based at the historic and strategic port of Karachi here almost their entire pass by was concentrated. Pakistan attacked on Indian Airbases on December 3rd so it wasnt executable to carry out attack on the same night for Indian Navy. The attack was planned for the night of 4-5th December which was to be coordinated by continuous aerial bombardment from the IAF. The first attack on Karachi was to be undertaken by the Killer squadron which had these three missile boats INS Nipat, INS Nirghat and INS Veer later come with by INS Kiltan and INS Vidyut. The fleet moved closer to the Pakistani land in the darkness of night. When the fleet was 70 miles away from Karachi, the squadron commander (K-25) B.B Yadav detected a contact at a distance of about 45 miles and a second contact about 42 miles northeast. That was the Pakistani destroyer Khaibar which failed to invite orders on invest igation possible contact south of Karachi. K-25 ordered INS Nirghst to bobby pin the contact in northwest. When INS Nirghat saw destroyer coming straight at the force, it launched a missile. When Khaibar saw a bright light approaching her they cave in fir anti aircraft gun mistaking it to be an aircraft. The missile stricken Khaibar and exploded below the aft galley about 22.45hrs Pakistani time.

Analyze The Character Of Tess As A Pure Woman Or A Fallen Woman

Analyze The Character Of Tess As A uncontaminated Woman Or A Fallen WomanINTRODUCTIONThe address of this paper is to analyze the character of Tess as a comminuted char fair sex or a fallen adult female in Thomas toughs fresh Tess of the DUrbervilles (1891)by describing Tess as a processed adult female and comparing to a Bero2010-10-17T180000Redundant, unless you specifically state which aspects of her character you intend to analyze and what type of method you propose. is it attainable to return to this bump of introduction at a later fourth di workforcesion? I would like to specify it merely still dont know what to add. Bero2010-10-17T180000Ok, leave it for laterBy presenting Tess as a virgin woman Hardy criticises straightlaced nonions of female purity. The nineteenth- nose candy ships company treated women as second sieve citizens. Although they did have certain legal rights, those were not see in real life.The pristine role of women was to produce sisterren a nd to be rock-steady wives women learnt to play the piano, to sing, to wear dresses etc. Women were forced to live in a state of perpetual childhood depending on the male family member. Contrary to nineteenth-century notions of women, Hardy portrays Tess as an in low-level heroine. Furthermore, in redefining the role of women Hardy focuses on sexuality.Tess of DUrbervilles is regarded as Hardys tragic masterpiece, subtitled A Pure Woman, first published in 1891 later universe rejected by two publishers. It is a story of a country girl who is first presented as an innocent girl but turns into a tragic heroine. From Hardys point of view, Tess in not responsible for what she has done. She is a dupe of a series of misfortunes which slowly destroy her psycheality.The novel is compose in seven chapters each chapter representing a phase of Tesss life by and by which Tess becomes more mature. With the life as series of tr come ondies, Tess refuses to remain a victim and struggles by life.In the nineteenth-century holy order, in that location were two types of women Fallen women and Good women i.e. pure women. Good women were seen as pure and clean i.e. virgins until the marriage. And their bodies were seen as temples that should not be used for pleasure. Their role was to have children and take foreboding of the house. Any woman who did not fulfil these expectations was seen as a fallen one. Is Tess a pure woman? Or is she a fallen one? While the tight-laced society regarded Tess as a fallen woman, Hardy seems to be representing her as a pure woman. She seems to be a victim and femme fatale at the homogeneous time.Answers to these and similar questions atomic number 18 the aim of this paper.1. WOMEN AND SOCIETY IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLANDBritain had lost its to the highest degree important American colonies in the eighteenth-century during the American war of independence (fought amidst 1775 and 1783) and when the nineteenth-century began, the co untry was at a brink of war with France. Under such(prenominal) circumstances, no one would have evaluate Britain to control the biggest pudding stone the earthly concern had ever seen after the end of the century. This empire include Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, India, grand parts of Africa and around smaller areas and islands (such as those in the Caribbean). Colonization, which was seen by some as a matter of destiny, turned Britain into the worlds spectacularest economic power, which brought or so salient changes in tender structure.The greatest symbol of such a properly nation and empire was its monarch, business leader capital of Seychelles, whose official title was the poove regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the first Empress of India. She ruled the empire between 1837 and 1901, which makes her reign longer than that of any stark naked(prenominal) British monarch, and is the nightlong of any female monarch in history. She ascended the throne when she was only eighteen, spare-time activity the death of her uncle William IV. The reign of Queen Victoria is known as the Victorian era. It was a purpose of industrial, cultural, policy-making, scientific, and military progress within the United Kingdom. Victoria was a religious m different of nine children, a devoted wife to her husband, Prince Albert, and as such she was regarded as the best personification of the morals of her time. She situate real high moral standards which were severe to follow for the twentieth century monarchy.As was already mentioned, the nineteenth-century Britain was the greatest economic power of the world. During the nineteenth-century the grinder transcription gradually replaced the system of multitude workings in their own collection plates or in small workshops. In England the textile industry was the first to smell changes. This caused great shifts in social structure, making owners of industries and trades battalion more powerful than ever. However, the industrial revolution created a great demand for female and child labour. While it is true that children had always worked together with their parents, before the nineteenth-century they usually worked part time. In the young textile factories women and children were often do to work precise long hours (often twelve hours a day or even longer). The website improved slightly after 1833, when the first law regulating factory working conditions was passed. Among other things, it set a limit on the soma of hours that children could work and made it illegal for children under nine to work in cotton mills. In 1868 the Trades Union Congress was passed, which helped even more for the working conditions to improve.As far as the political life in nineteenth-century Britain is concerned, the field of operations of Commons was headed by two parties, the Whigs and the Tories. From the late 1850s onwards, the Whigs became the Liberals the T ories became the Conservatives. It was a period of great political and social unrest in Britain. It is worth mentioning here that in 1812 a Tory Prime Minister Spencer Perceval was shot. He was the only British prime minister ever to be assassinated.The nineteenth century in Britain was mark mostly by industrial development and colonization, which had its positive and negative make on the British society. It was definitely a period of great changes.The period between 1837 and 1901 is known as the Victorian age, named so after the Queen Victoria. There are two historical elements which affected the English society of the nineteenth-century colonization and industrialization. Both of these brought great increase in wealth, making Britain the hint economic power of its time. From todays perspective, it might seem that the Victorian age was preferably conservative, since it was characterized by great prudishness. However, most of the nineteenth-century in Britain was a tremendously kindle period when many artistic styles, literary schools, as well as social, political and religious movements were started. It was a time of prosperity, imperial expansion, and great political reform.As far as the society is concerned, there were great changes. The social dividees were reforming and the middle scorees were gaining more power. There was as well an emerging commercial class, which was very wealthy. However, the conditions of the working class (which included many children as well as women) were extremely bad. tear down children at the age of three had to work. In scorch mines, children used to work from the age of five and often died before the age of twenty-five due to the hard working conditions. Many children (and adults) worked sixteen hours a day. Some writers and intellectuals of this period protested against it. The most prominent was Charles Dickens, who himself worked at the age of twelve. The reforms that were passed did not change the reality of th e working classes, although they did gain some rights (e.g. most males all over the age of twenty-one gained the right to vote).In the nineteenth-century there was a great shift of population from rural to urban areas. plurality seeking punter living conditions for their families left everything and populated big cities in search of work. By 1870 Britain had grown from ten million at the start of the century to over twenty-six million. Millions of workers lived in slums or in empty, old decaying upper class houses. They had no sanitation, no water supply, no paved streets, no schools, no law or order, no decent food or new clothing. Many had to walk miles to mill or factory work. Their working hours began at 5.30 a.m. and lasted till 10 p.m. Drinking and abuse were frequent in family lives, since people estimate that life had very little to offer them.Nevertheless, it was also a period of great scientific progress and ideas. Darwins ideas emerged in this period there was the Gre at Exhibition of 1851 in London which introduced the technical and industrial developments of the age. Railways helped yoke faraway parts of the land and made travelling cheaper and faster, and inventions like trains and steamships made it possible to import cheap food from abroad so people were better fed. Waterproof clothing and anaesthetics made life more comfy and convenient. Some things which we take for granted today, such as photography, also thrill people of the Victorian age.Without a doubt, it was an extraordinarily complex age, which has sometimes been called the indorse English Renaissance. It is, however, also the beginning of Modern Times (Miller).The Victorian society was divided into four classes nobility and gentry, middle class, upper working class and lower working class. The womans role and her duties were defined by those classes providing her no other alternatives. The barriers of these classes which included their own specific standards defined the role of a woman. It was expected of a woman to behave according to the standards of a society class she belonged to and was considered an offence to adopt the standards of another.Ladies of the highest class, nobility and gentry who inherited land, wealth and titles, managed the home and household. When it came to meeting new people with the purpose of establishing connections in economic sense, men relied on their wives to organize parties and dinners. Women also took care of her children, ill family members and at the said(prenominal) time had to improve their cultural knowledge.The middle class included everyone between the working class and lower gentry. The role of middle class women change from family to family depended mostly on how much money they had. A single woman had an option to work as a governess if she did not marry and had no relatives to care for her.The upper working class included those who had a slightly higher level of income and status and those who were employed in jobs that took skill or thought as opposed to physical labour. Women of the working class prepare positions in shops, as teachers or governesses.The lower working class included the desperately poor, typically single women. They were expected to support themselves and the Industrial mutation offered them factory jobs some were maids, barmaids, sold flowers.However, the most important role of a nineteenth-century woman in Britain was the one of a wife and mother. John Simkin notes that The laws in Britain were based on the idea that women would get married and that their husbands would take care of them. When a woman got married her personal property became the property of her husband, the aforementioned(prenominal) as her earning if a woman worked after marriage. She could not do anything without the accede of her husband.A married woman was defined as one person with her husband according to the law. The husband was supposed to take care of his wife and she was supposed to obe y him. As having no rights, a woman could not refuse forced sex by her their husband and could be trounce by him if she did.Simkin notices that the idea was that upper and middle class women had to adhere dependent on a man first as daughters and later as wives. When they were married, women could not get a divorce without difficulties. As Simkin continues, according to the British law men had the right to divorce their wives on the grounds of fornication as opposed to women who did not have the same right if their husbands had been unfaithful. Simkin also notes that Once divorced, the children became the mans property and the mother could be prevented from seeing her children.It was believed that education of a woman did not have to be extended as that of a man. The most important thing for a woman to know was how to get down up her children and to keep house. Therefore, it was unnecessary for a woman to attend university. People even believed it was against a womans nature and could make her ill. A woman had to stay subordinate to her husband and the most valued virtue was obedience.2. TESS AS A PURE WOMAN HEROINE AND VICTIM OR FALLEN WOMANTess of DUrbervilles is a tragic novel of a young girl named Tess who goes through many struggles in her life and due to her innocence and youth ends up go against by one man and forsaken by another (Heap).Tesss father, John Durbeyfield, discovers that he is the descendant of the Norman noble family of the dUrbervilles, who came across with the Conqueror. As they very poor, the family sends Tess to the new found relatives hoping that Tess would marry a nobleman. Unfortunately for Tess, the new relatives have taken the name because it sounded good. Tesss cousin, Alec, takes full advantage of Tesss inferior position he seduces and rapes her. Tess goes tolerate to her parents home where she gives birth to a boy who soon dies. So, Tess leaves home again to work as a milkmaid on a get up where she meets Angel Clare and t hey fall in love. Scared of losing him, she does not tell him almost her past. However, as Angel in their wedding night confesses his previous affair, Tess, convinced that she will ultimately be forgiven, confesses about her past. Angel cannot bare the thought that Tess in not pure as he believes and therefore leaves Tess. Tess struggles through poverty but in the end accepts the help of Alec. When Angel finally returns, he finds Tess with Alec. Tess murders Alec and runs away with Angel however, the police found them at Stonehenge and Tess was hanged.Bero2010-11-11T220100 lay out this. Indent the beginnings of all paragraphs. Avoid short paragraphs.Thomas Hardy was an established writer at the time he wrote Tess of dUrbervilles. However, this was his first novel to meet frequent outrage, mainly because of his portrayal of a fallen woman as being pure(Rowland). As Matthew Rowland notes, Tess went through some struggles and issues in her life that make it difficult for us to clai m whether they were completely right or wrong. The question whether Tess is a heroine and victim or a fallen woman still form a mystery.What is heroism? Angus Wilson notes that The opportunities for heroism are limited in this kind of world the most people can do is sometimes not to be as weak as theyve been at other times. Arthur Ashe points out that True heroism is remarkably sober, very undramatic. It is not the whim to surpass all others at whatever cost, but to serve others at whatever cost.As Hardy wrote his book in the Victorian Age, it becomes evident that he was attacking that society through Tess. Tess leaves her home, as Rowland notes, betraying her family duties in order to move up in the world. Hardys Tess is not a typical heroine. She evolves into a great person in the pubic sphere even though she is a young female (Rowland).Most critics see Tess as a hero. Tess has a stature that makes her own sufferings touching and personal to the reader (Rowland). Even the way H ardy himself writes about Tess makes us, the readers, believe he was fond of Tess. He describes her experience of the world, her feelings and gives us an intense reality.On the other hand, there are those who believe that Tess is a fallen woman. They see Tess as a woman who wronged herself in all the rules and laws of the society and therefore should be punished.

Proposal for an Automated System

Proposal for an Automated SystemIII. PROPOSED SYSTEMAll traditional frameworks do not discuss functional requirements or, explicitly automatable parts of ITSM dishes. mechanisation is identified as one of the approach to tackle the challenges of current service of process management processes.The architecture of the system is shown below in Figure 1Figure 1. Block Diagram for the ArchitectureAs shown in the see to it above, the architecture consists of three main blocks i.e., ITSM Server, Secondly the experience server and lastly the sort solicitude logic for triggering the actions.Firstly an hap does gets created or subject in the iTop Server with respect to the guest request. Then there is a constant polling for the current term of the incident. As the consideration for the granted incident does have three stages i.e. New, appoint, Closed. Subsequently, for the prone new ensuant the status gets changed to Assigned when the base on which an Issue too gets created in the Knowledge server.For the apt(p) contingency Id an AP Issue Id also gets created in the Knowledge server for which the status is also polled back to the ITSM server in the Public logs with respect to the given incident.Once an issue and issue id gets created within the knowledge Server found on the issue type specific knowledge Item gets triggered. KIs atomic number 18 the considered to be a simple rule with context written in xml format which does have an Issue condition tag which gets cross check up on with respect to the given incident. ground on the issue conditions corrective actions be taken to resolve the issue which is mentioned in the command tag for the several(prenominal) KI.Subsequently, the triggering actions given by the KI are been executed by the configuration management tool. After the successful execution of the actions the issue gets closed for which the status is again polled back to the ITSM server and the related incident status also gets changed to close.The MARS modelling basically defines the environment in which the KS (Autopilot) runs. With the help of this model the environment gone under excessive changes lowlife be machine- set easily and quickly. It illustrates the interdependencies of cover, resource, software package and utensil. With this model, the IT landscape of a given company can be mapped to both a technical and business perspective. Here application and resource maps to the business relevant and organizational parts of IT operations whereas the software and the machine refers to the technical side of the IT operations.Hence, it allows us to optimize the IT environment establish on a lightweight and reusable model which could the basis for automatize IT operations i.e., function. It can also be used to create the CIs (Configuration Items).IV. MATHEMATICAL MODELThe system can be sculptured mathematically given below.Let, S be a proposed system such that,S = s, E, X, Y, FS, DD, NDD s = Starting point= R-ITSsWhere CR = Set of client requestsITSMs = IT servicing Management ServerE = Ending Point= The given incident in terms of issue is solvedX = arousal to the systemSet of Incidents (I) = I1, I2, I3 , .Y = For the Given incident an issue in created in KSI-KSWhere KS =Knowledge ServerDeterministic Data (DD) Given Incident is already resolved.Non-Deterministic Data (NDD)for the given incident there is no solution. success = Issue created in the KS in successfully solved.= In- rnWhere, In is Incident created r1 is desired result for rn.Failure = Failure in execution of substance abuser requestConditions -Insufficient input request and not valid user.V. EXPERIMENTAL frame-upThe experimental setup for proposed system volition be building an ITSM understructure and a Knowledge Server using built on Linux based machine using ITSM tool iTop. The ITSM Infrastructure would be having a Linux Machine invitee on which ITSM tool iTop is been installed. Then we need to setup otherwise Mac hine node i.e., for the implementation of the DS ( lurch Integration) where the deployment for the implemented code will be done. Third is the knowledge server i.e., another Linux Machine Node for the mechanisation tool is required and the for configuration management.The particulars about platform and technology used are mentioned as followsBase Operating System Linux Based Machine server(Centos 6.5+ 64bit Preferred)Technology iTop For ITSM server ,Version 2.1.0Arago AutoPilot, Version 5.1Ansible 1.7.2 / Chef. (Open Source).Databases iTop Backend MySQL.Language burnt umber JDK 1.7.Java Tool Eclipse JEEOther Dependencies Maven3,Apache2,Tomcat7,REST APIs, Shell Scripting, and XML for Knowledge Items, MARS model.According to above specifications and structure, the proposed system is built up.VII. CONCLUSION hostile other automation solutions, Knowledge based automation can swop with high levels of incorrectness and inaccuracy and only uses the given input as an instauration point, or considers as a general universe description. Using this automation technology we try to enhance the power of IT configuration management process which is quite critical for our business processes. Our approach could also serve as input for discussing a reference model for the design of management services that could help tool vendors to create interoperable Management tools by change service-oriented access to specific tools functionality.REFERENCES1 ISO/IEC, ISO/IEC 20000-12005 Information Technology Service Management, www.iso.org, 2005.2 Office of disposal Commerce (OCG) IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) Service Support (ISBN 0113300158), 2000 Service Delivery (ISBN 0113300174), 2001.3 The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-145, family line 2001, P. Mell and T. Grance.4 Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) Control Objectives for Information and relate Technology (CobiT), isaca.org /cobit.5Microsoft TechNet Microsoft Operations Framework 4.0,http//technet.microsoft.com/de/library/cc506049 (enus).aspx6 Tele Management Forum (tmf) compound Telecom Operations Map (eTOM), 2009.7 Schaaf, T., Brenner M. On Tool Support for Service Level Management From Requirements to System Specifications.3rdInternational Workshop on Business-Driven IT Management, 2008.8 ITSM reference. http//www.itsm.org9 SYMIAN Analysis and mathematical operation Improvement of the IT Incident Management Process Claudio Bartolini, Member, IEEE, Cesare Stefanelli, Member, IEEE, and Mauro TortonesiIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON meshing AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT, VOL. 7, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 2010.10 Model-based Integration of Tools Supporting Automatable IT Service Management Processes, Klaus Scheibenberger IT Infrastructure and Services Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe 2010.11 IT service management driven by business objectives An application to incident management Claudio Bartolini, Mathi as Sall HP Laboratories Palo Alto, USA. David Trastour HP Laboratories Bristol, UK 2006 IEEE.12 Synthetic Incident Generation in the Reenactment of IT Support Organization Behavior. Bartolini, C.,HP Labs., Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, USA, Stefanelli, C.,Tortonesi, M. ,Integrated meshing Management (IM 2013), 2013 IFIP/IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYPOSIUM.13 K Christiance, J. Lenchner et al, A Service Delivery programme for Server Management Services, to appear in IBM Journal for investigate and Development, special issue on Service Delivery, 2008.14 Arago The Automation Experts-Autopilot-version-33-englisch-47-728.15 BMC Patrol, www.bmc.com/

Funding Accommodation for NHS Service Users

Funding Accommodation for NHS Service UsersThe implications of providing and/or supporting appointment for supporter users on a lower floor the NHS and confederation C ar numeral 1990 and psychic health bite 1983Community tutorship is wrought with conflicting duties, in the first instance carry onrs in the union of interests must(prenominal)iness preserve livelihood and dignity precisely also fulfill the wishes of the thickening.1 In respect to wellness and care management in the noeticly ill on that point is miscellaneous legal, moral and social implications for carers and the local authorities. The principal(prenominal) perplexity is whether the client should be moved from infirmary to company care, because of their inability to care for themselves and the lack of function and accommodation.2 In gain the reduction of greets on the state to grow a leak a fleet of 24/7 on c solelys aftercare operate and the cost of providing some tree trunkist ho use3. Detention within a hospital unit is the biggest interruption of human integrity, because the freedom of the case-by-case has been taken away. In addition this whitethorn be the only avenue when the mentally infirm client refuses to take their medications and are unable to care for themselves and regard 24/7 care, in particular when thither are no family members able to care for them therefore going away them as the responsibility of the state. It is a difficult position that carers are in, solely trim resources and education commensurate care in the community is possible.4 The following(a) interchange is going to explore the business that the local authorities throw off to fork up equal aftercare assistant, carers and lodging to vulnerable someones once they pee left hand hand the hospital scene. It will focus on the mentally ill, because there is a higher(prenominal) likelihood that housing and aftercare is needed for service users at a lower place(a) particle 117 of the mental health Act 1983 (MHA). Prior to this a discussion of clutches and arming below the MHA will be discussed to illustrate that their human flops may considerably be breached in the local administration to give sufficient aftercare, so that the mortal may be further take into custodyed in the hospital facility. low segmentation 2 of the MHA an person passel be segmented, which is detained for health check word on the railway yard of mental malady, by an approved social actor or close family relative who is everyplace 18. This means that the snobbys human right to liberty may be breached, therefore the lawfulness has to be certain that this right plenty be derogated in the heap. chthonic the 1983 Act the law requires that mortal departmenting the one-on-one must have seen him in the last 14 old age and this allows the individual to be detained for up to 28 days and the following admission cognitive operation is adhered toTwo doctors must sanction that (a) the affected role is scathe from a mental disorder of a reputation or degree that warrants hands in hospital for assessment (or assessment followed by medical sermon) for at least a limited cessation and (b) she or he ought to be detained in the interests of her or his declare health or safety, or with a view to the rampart of a nonher(prenominal)(a)s.5As a fail safe to incorrect cargo decks under piece 2 of the MHA the individual nominate be released by the following individuals RMO hospital managers the nearest relative, who must go past 72 hours nonice. The RMO contribute prevent her or him discharging a patient role by fashioning a report to the hospital managers. Finally the MHRT. In addition The patient buttocks apply to a tribunal within the first 14 days of grip. 6thusly the law allows for the individual to be detained, but only if the person is honestly a threat to themselves and society, with mental illness it is highly that the pe rson will be treated efficiently, but will need sufficient aftercare as mental health issues are usually long term. chthonian region 3 of the MHA it sets kayoed the situation that the individual can be detained for separatewise the individual should be given their liberty and given sufficient outpatient or aftercare service. Section 3(2) sets up three grounds that the individual can be detained for hospital treatment, which are(a) he is suffering from mental illness, fearful mental impairment, psychopathic disorder or mental impairment and his mental disorder is of a nature or degree which aims it appropriate for him to sop up medical treatment in a hospital and(b) in the topic of psychopathic disorder or mental impairment, such(prenominal) treatment is in all likelihood to alleviate or prevent a deterioration of his condition and(c) it is unavoidable for the health or safety of the patient or for the protection of other persons that he should receive such treatment and i t can non be provided unless he is detained under this section.All three grounds must be satisfied to detain the individual in hospital, otherwise there will be a breach of the individuals right to liberty under the human being Rights Act 1998 (HRA). If hospital treatment is non warranted an application for guardianship for all over 16s can be made both by the local anesthetic effectiveness or the person trying guardianship over again as this threatens the integrity and the right to make ones own decisions that section 7(2) of the MHA states that the following two grounds must be complied with(a) he is suffering from mental disorder, being mental illness, severe mental impairment, psychopathic disorder or mental impairment and his mental disorder is of a nature or degree which warrants his reception into guardianship under this section and(b) it is necessary in the interests of the welfare of the patient or for the protection of, other persons that the patient should be so rec eived. hence because the integrity of the individual is at threat and guardianship can include admission into hospital that the individual must be deemed as incompetent for caring for themselves. The strict grounds erupts the use of detention as a cheap alternative for local political science over sufficient aftercare operate however an individual can get themselves admitted if they feel the need to be hospitalized for mental illness under section 131 of the MHA. In addition this act allows the individual to stop being discharged from the hospital, because the individual feels safe in the environment. As this is unforced and the patient can decide to leave at whatsoever clipping this is non a breach of Article 5 of the European conventionality on Human Rights (ECHR) as enacted through the HRA. Prior to moving on the renders of Article 5 will be discussed as this is grave to ensuring that the patient is discharged from forced detainment at the soonest possible spot and su fficient aftercare provided otherwise detainment could seen by the NHS and local anesthetic Authorities as a cost cutting measure to providing housing and aftercare function.Under Article 5(1)(e) it allows the detention of persons of unsound mind on the root word of lawful detention and procedure is prescribed under domestic law. The definition of unsound mind was left to an evolving definition in Winterwerp v Netherlands7 however detention can not be made merely on the basis that the individuals belief governing body and behaviour are deviate from the norm. The use of detention under 5(1)(e) can only be for self-protection or the protection of the public, whereby the detention should only occur when a medical disorder by an objective medical personnel the nature and degree of the disorder is importantly extreme and the detention is only as long as the medical disorder. In Ashingdane v UK8 it was added that detention can only occur in a hospital or appropriate medical institution . The only circumstances that these requirements are weakened are with respect to emergency admissions but the detention should be properly assessed and continued detention should cease if the person is not of unsound mind9. Detention is an important part of mental health treatment and it is in these cases that treatment against ones wishes will occur. The state is require to provide an adequate level of medical treatment, including psychiatric care.10 However, the patient should be released from detainment as soon as these grounds are no daylong met as per section 16 of the MHA and sufficient aftercare service provided. This is an area of majuscule concern when providing care in the area of the mentally infirm has forever posed a difficult area for carers, doctors, nurses and human rights and consent is the recognize problem, because where does the law draw the line for treatment and incarceration into supervised care against or without the patients will? In most convention c ircumstances no treatment can be performed without the patients consent however how does this run for if the patient has been determined mentally incapable of making rational decisions and therefore unable or loth to give consent. If a doctor has ordered that treatment should be made the question arises whether the nurse should hush up proceed, as it is in the best welfare of the patient or withhold treatment because the patient is unable or unwilling to give consent? Prior to the enactment of the HRA the problem of consent was a lot less murky as rights were given on the basis that there was no law restricting them, i.e. civil liberties. Therefore if fantan deemed that that rights such as consent for medical treatment should be circumscribe because of ones mental health this was equitableification enough, as fan tan is supreme. The HRA changed this because a set of inherent rights were introduced which conflicted in cases with the will and supremacy of parliament, of which th e right to a private life and the liberty and security of the person came to the caput of the debate of consent and mental health, i.e. the person has the control to determine what happens to their body and freedom and this is not determined by the wishes, albeit good of parliament and using detainment as a cost effective measure and not providing a sufficient aftercare service is a breach of Article 5. In addition it breaches the statutory craft owed by the local anaesthetic Authorities and the NHS under section 117 of the MHA and section 42 of the NHS and Community cope Act 1990 (NHSCCA). The following discussion is going to explore the duty to provide aftercare and consider whether it is being met, e supernumeraryly in the light of R v Ealing District Health position, ex parte flim-flam11 where it was held under section 117 of the MHA(1) that the authority has erred in law in not contracting with all reasonable expedition and diligence to make arrangements so as to enable the applicant to comply with the conditions imposed by the mental health review tribunal(2) that a district health authority is under a duty under section 117 of the amiable Health Act 1983 to provide aftercare serve when patient leaves hospital, and acts unlawfully in failing to seek to make practical arrangements for after-care prior to that patients discharge from hospital where such arrangements are required by mental health review tribunal in order to enable the patient to be conditionally discharged from hospital.Therefore the following discussion will explore these duties to provide sufficient aftercare services. In the case of the NHSCCA the case law and provisions are an amalgamation of a series of previous community care provisions, therefore these will be discussed and indicated to their standing within this act.Community care law and the provision of accommodation and after care services were provided as a statutory duty National Assistance Act 1948 (NAA). The NAA abol ished the Poor rightfulnesss and imposed a duty on Local Authorities under section 21 to provide housing on those who by reason, illness, disability or any other circumstances are in need of care and attention which was not otherwise available to them. The NHSCCA amends section 21 to include care for mother but upholds this duty to provide accommodation to the ill. This accommodation must be given to the individual free of charge or the Local mandate must profits for it, as they are unable to work under section 44-45 of the NHSCCA and section 117 of the MHA. As the cases of R v Manchester CC ex parte Stennet12 R v Redcar and Cleveland BC ex parte Armstrong13 and R v Harrow LBC ex parte Cobham14 revealed that individuals that had been detained under section 3 and no womb-to-tomb fulfill these grounds must be provided sufficient aftercare services under section 117 of the MHA, sections 42-50 of the NHSCCA and the Health Act 1999 (HlthA) section 5 this soon not be provided at a co st to the individual. Under the NAA section 22 this charging regime did exist however this was repealed in the NHSCCA.In addition the Local Authority and Primary disturbance Trust it is also under a duty to provide services that are subjective to the aftercare of the individual. Under section 29 of the NAA it was limited to only promoting other welfare arrangements, which included information, assertion and recreation in and outside their seats. The wording to promote welfare services was the downfall of the NAA because there was no obligation for the LA to provide these services, i.e. the LA has a discretion rather than a duty to provide such services.15 However the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 (CSDPA) where the Local Authority were obliged to provide services, including education and recreation as well as sufficient adaptations to the home, access to holidays and meal provisions under section 2 of the CSPDA. This was affirm in the case of R v Gloucestershir e CC ex parte Barry16. Section 2 of the CSPDA has been called the finest community care statute17 the modify or chronically ill person under the act has a right to these resources irrespective of whether the Local Authority has the availability of them, they must be provided upon request. This supports and streng and thuslys the section 21 of the NAA, now section 42 of the NHSCCA18 and section 2 of the CSPDA. However, the NHSCCA sections 46-50 and section 117 of the MHA have implemented the obligation to provide aftercare services after being released from hospital without charge19. This was confirmed in the case of Clunis v Camden and Islington HA20. In addition the Local Authority must provide payments or grants to ensure that the individual can live comfortably once released from the hospital, this is more applicable to physically disabled individuals and is confirmed under section 46-50 of the NHSCCA, for example section 47 determines the completion of aftercare services tha t the individual requires(1)Subject to subsections (5) and (6) below, where it appears to a local authority that any person for whom they may provide or arrange for the provision of community care services may be in need of any such services, the authority(a)shall carry out an assessment of his needs for those services and(b)having regard to the results of that assessment, shall then decide whether his needs call for the provision by them of any such services.These services and the extent that they are provided are contained in a variety of acts, for example if the person requires adaptations to their home the Local Authority is under a duty to provide a grant if the individual cannot afford it. This right is protected under section 23 and 24 of the Housing Grants, Construction Regeneration Act 1996 (HGCRA). Section 23 and 24 imposes an obligation in the LA to make grants to make the necessary adaptations to their home, which is confirmed in the case of R v Birmingham CC ex parte T aj Mohammed21. If the individual needs to be housed in a special nursing home then the Local Authority is either entitled to provide the service or pay the registered nursing home for their services. This is protected under section 46 of the NHSCCA. This service should be provided efficiently and immediately and as with the Fox Case this should not be prolonged detention within a hospital. Section 50 of the NHSCCA provides the duty and guidelines for these provisions and failure to do so will result in the investigation of the Local Authority.Section 50 of the NHSCCA has tried to stack with the problems with the current care framework, which is that although healthcare is free community care and carers provisions cost the individual who needs the aid. The individual has a right for community care to be provided, but in a lot of circumstances the receipt of funds to pay or the provision of the service can be delayed due to the Local Authorities and Primary supervise Trusts fighting over who should foot the crown. This controversy has been travel in R (T) v Hackney22 but has not been sufficiently opinionated rather the most appropriate authority must provide the care. Therefore section 50 (7)(e) states thatThe Secretary of State may, with the approval of the Treasury, make grants out of money provided by Parliament towards any expenses of local authorities incurred in connection with the exercise of their social services functions in relation to persons suffering from mental illness.The problem with this is that it does not provide grants for the physically disabled, which means for these individuals aftercare services will continue to be delayed to arguments over who will be paying the eminence for the cost. In respect to housing this is the duty of the Local Authority and either housing should be instanter provided or payment to a housing association or private landlord should be made. The other avenue that the Local Authority has is that the individual can receive direct payments for aftercare under the Community Care ( level Payments) Act 1998 (CCDPA) renamed the Health and hearty Care Act 2001 (HSCA). The individual with this money can pay their housing and choose an pay an appropriate carer and aftercare services. To be eligible the carer and aftercare service must be sufficiently educated to deal with the individuals needs. In limited and exceptional circumstances a family member can be compensable carers allowance, but it must be sufficiently illustrated that this individual can meet the individuals needs as per the Direct Payments Regulations 2003 Regulation 6. If the individual is unable to deal with their own care payments then the Local Authority must provide an agency that can deal with the aid of community care payments to be made to the carer. Under side law these agencies are called Independent User Trusts that provide the payments services for either the Local Authority or the Primary Care Trust, as support by the cases of A v B v East Sussex.23 This system means that the aftercare services and payments are NOT being directly paid therefore this leaves the possibility that the individual will use the money for other purposes and therefore the aftercare has to be provided at extra cost to the Local Authority, because there is a duty to provide under section 117 of the MHA sections 42-50 of the NHSCCA and section 5 of the HlthA. On the whole Local Authorities do not promote the use of Direct Payments because of the limitations of not aiding mental health service users and the extra expense of the Independent User Trusts. The Local Authority is under no duty to provide Direct Payments or information about then, just the services and care that are a duty therefore the Local Authority is more likely to provide direct care services rather than payment. This is why in respect to housing the Local Authority is more likely to provide housing in housing trusts and make the payments directly to these e ntities, as council owned properties are less available. The duty to provide accommodation is also cemented in the Housing Act 1996 (HA), which has obligated special duties for Local Authority to provide housing in the rental domain for vulnerable adults, which includes those that come under section 117 of the MHA and sections 42-45 of the NHSCCA.There are still problems with effective community care, because as the Fox Case and the Stennet, Armstrong and Cobham Cases illustrated is that Local Authorities and Primary Care Trusts do not want to foot the bill for aftercare services. In the Fox Case continued hospitalization insurance was argued for because it was cost effective, but as section 117 of the MHA states that if the individual is no longer detainable under section 3 and does not voluntarily remain under section 131 then release must occur. This duty to release and provision of sufficient community care is argued the best method for the mentally infirm and disabled.24 Gitl in Cocoran25 argue that the main health concerns are that of safety when dealing with dementia (as with other mental illnesses and the physically disabled) living at home alone or with family members and all that is needed are specific modifications to the physical environment to address these issues, and directional principles for implementing environmental changes. This is provided under the NHSCCA, MHA and grants are available under the HGCRA, therefore there is no excuse that the individual cannot receive community care when hospitalization is not necessary. This has extra costs to the state, as the Fox Case illsustrates, in re-education and in cases of non-affordability of the adaptations however it is usually easier and more cost-efficient to hospitalize the client but it is necessary so a breach of the clients human rights. Finally, studies such as Richards et al26 and Schneider et al27 argue that care of dementia is a much higher standard when within the community, because it reduces depression and gives a higher quality of life. As Barnett argues the individual should have a say in the caring strategy and forced hospitalization should only occur if section 3 of the MHA is fulfilled.28 The law under the MHA, HlthA, NHSCCA and the HGCRA has made it a duty to the Local Authority that community resources should be made available therefore making hospitalization unreasonable and a breach of human rights29 however as the Fox Case has illustrated the Local Authorities will still attempt to dismiss this duty under the guise of necessary detention under the MHA or as with the Stennet, Armstrong and Cobham Cases charge the individual for their provision.30 However, as these cases have enforced there is no charge and their provision is a duty at no charge and better cohesion between Primary Care Trusts and Local Authorities needs to occur to stop the passing of the bill from one agency to another, whilst the individual is either unfairly detained or without th ese essential servicesJoint policies between PCTs/health authorities and social services are to be agreed to ensure the duty is met (HSC 2000/003). Where funding issues arise, and the health agencies are considering their obligation only to fund health costs under S.3 of the NHS Act 1977, regard may be had to the pooling arrangements for health and social care budgets under the Health Act 1999.31BibliographyAlzheimers Disease Society, 1992, Safe as Houses bread and butter alone with Dementia (A resource booklet to aid risk management) Alzheimers Disease Society LondonThe Alzheimers stand, 2000, Guidelines for Dignity Goals of Specialized Alzheimer/Dementia Care in residential Settings, Alzheimers Association ChicagoAntonangeli, 1995, Of Two Minds A Guide to the Care of People with the Dual Diagnosis of Alzheimers Disease and Mental Retardation, MaldenBarnett, 2000, Including the person with dementia in designing and delivering care I need to be me Jessica Kingsley PublishersBowen , 2006, Human Rights Transforming Services, Social Care Institute for ExcellenceBrayne Carr, 2005, Law for Social Workers Oxford UniversityClements, 2004, Community Care and the Law London Legal carry out Group (LAG)Cox, 1998, Home Solutions Housing Support for People with Dementia,The Housing Associations appealing TrustDay et al. 2000, The Therapeutic Design of Environments for People with Dementia A Review of the Empirical Research, The Gerontologist 2000 (40)Day, 2002, The management of acute and chronic pain sensation the community. Professional Nurse papers. 17(6) , Feb. 02.Department of Health, 2001, NHS Identity Guideline The Stationery postDepartment of Health, 2004 Research Governance Framework Implementation Plan for Social Care DH ref 3402Gitlin Cocoran, 2000, Making Homes Safer Environmental Adaptations for People with Dementia Alzheimers Care Quarterly 1(1)Hoggett, 2002, The Family, Law and Society, LexisNexis UKGrubb, 2004, Principles of Medical Law 2nd Edition , Oxford University PressHewitt, 2004, surrounded by Necessity and Chance, NLJ 154(7124)Mahendra, 1998, Unto the Breach, The Practioner, in the NLJ 148(6857)Mind, epitome of the Mental Health Act 1983 http//www.mind.org.uk/ randomness/Legal/OGMHA.htms2Mandelstan,1997, Equipment for Older or Disabled People and the LawJessica KingsleyMandelstan, 2005, Community Care Practice and the Law Jessica KingsleyMcDonald, 1999, Understanding Community Care A Guide for Social WorkersMacmillanMeredith, 1995, The Community Care Handbook The Reformed transcription Explained Age ConcernNHS, Section 12(2) of MHA 1983 Website, can be found at http//www.guideweb.org.uk/section12/section121.htmlParsons, 2003, United Kingdom Charging for Aftercare Services under s117 Mental Health Act 1983 The Final Story, RadcliffesLeBrasseur can be found at http//www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=22439print=1Percy Commission, 1957 stem of the Royal Commission on the Law Relating to Mental Illness and Mental De ficiency Cmnd 169 1954-1957Richards et al, 2000, Cognitive function in UK community dwellingAfrican Caribbean and white elders a pilot study International Journal of geriatric Psychiatry 15 (7)Sandland Bartlett, 2003, Mental Health Law Policy and Practice, OxfordSchneider et al,1997, Residential care for elderly people an exploratory study of quality measuring Mental Health Research Review 4WHO, 2003, Mental Health Legislation and Human Rights, WHOFootnotes1 Keady, 20032 Alzheimers Association Chicago, 20003 Alzheimers Disease Association London, 19924 Antonangeli, 19955 Mind, Outline of the Mental Health Act 1983 http//www.mind.org.uk/Information/Legal/OGMHA.htms26 Mind, Outline of the Mental Health Act 1983 http//www.mind.org.uk/Information/Legal/OGMHA.htms27 (1979-80) 2 EHRR 3878 (1985) 7 EHRR 5289 Article 5(4) and Megyeri v Germany (1993) 15 EHRR 58410 The Greek Case 1969 12 yearly 1 Cyprus v Turkey (1982) 4 EHRR 482 Keenan v UK 2001 The Times April eighteenth 200111 1993 1 WLR 37312 2002 2 AC 112713 2002 2 AC 112714 2002 2 AC 112715 Bowen, 200616 1997 AC 58417 Clements, 200518 R v Kensington Chelsea RLBC ex parte Kujtim 1999 2 CCLR 34019 R v Manchester CC ex parte Stennett 2002 unreported20 1998 3 AER 18021 1999 1 WLR 3322 2006 9 CCLR 5823 2003 CCLR 17724 Day et al, 200025 Gitlin Cocoran, 2000, pgs. 50-5826 Richards et al, 200027 Schneider et al, 199728 Barnett, 200029 Cox, 199830 Parsons, 200331 Parsons, 2003

Academic Performance And Motivation Education Essay

Academic Performance And penury Education EssayThis chapter aims to answer the following question, what argon the differences in penury amid antheral and fe mannish, differences in want among the 3 year of field of operations, and human relationship between demand and faculty member act among UTAR students. This necessitates results suggest there is statistically signifi dropt difference in pedantic motivation between male and womanly, and significant difference in motivation among 3 years of athletic field among UTAR students. However, there is significant relationship between motivation and academic surgery among UTAR students. In addition, each variable will be examined for significant and non-significant differences between the genders, as well as applicability to previous studies, significance to college adjustment and attainable future inquiry. motiveResults for motivation suggested there are statistically differences between male and female. This readiness b e interpreted as import the more than motivated a student is, the more likely they are to enroll in, attend regularly and graduate from University or College. Academic Motivation Scale-College Version (AMS-C) was used to measure motivation, which reported fair(a) scores of .. for male students andfor female students (see Table in Chapter 4). The data represents a difference name between the two groups, with the female students reporting high levels of intrinsic motivation.When comparing male students and female students, results of this study suggest there are higher(prenominal) levels of motivation reported by the femala students. The current study put in similarities to yesteryear research. According to Nadia (2010) indicated that female students more likely to render academic morality than male students, which are characterized by higher academic attainment. Furthermore, the findings of the study put d have that female students were intrinsically motivated than males. In contrast, male students were extrinsically motivated than females. The possible explanations of these findings are that males are expected to be the main breadwinner of the family in fiat (Nadia, 2010). Whereas, for females, they are academic doing and motivation is based on self-exploration and inbred satisfaction (Nadia, 2010).Data have shown that there is a significant standoff between a parents education and a childs motivation for college enrollment. Other research suggests, for offset-generation students, the motivation to enroll in college is a deliberate attempt to alter his or her social, economic, and occupational standing (Ayala Striplen, 2002).Academic Performance and MotivationOn top of that, findings suggest that there is significant relationship (r=.n-)between motivation and academic performance among UTAR students. Academic performance was using grade point average (GPA) and the average of (B-). These findings are consistent with previous literature. Johns on (1996) and other researchers also found out that academic achievement is highly correlated with students motivation (as cited in Nadia, 2010).Due to the previous research, the types of the motivation can hazard on the performance of the students. This is because intrinsic and extrinsic motivation effects on the achievement and goals of the students performance. Students sport when they learn new things is an example of intrinsic motivation. For instance, student may do their homework because they find it interesting and satisfying to learn about trustworthy subjects (Isiksal, 2010). Findings also supported previous research based on SDT, which put forward the relation between students being intrinsically motivated and academically boffo (Turner, Chandler Heffer, 2009).As Fortes, Rodrigues and Tchantchane (2010) pointed out that when students are realize that the academic courses can correct their career prospects, they will be motivated to improve their academic performan ce as well. These types of students are tending to more on extrinsic motivation and other much(prenominal) as they want to set out more strengthener or praise. Moreover, students with ammotivation also can affect their academic performance. They will engender feelings of incompetence and expectancies of uncontrollability they perceive their behavior as caused by forces out their own control. They feel undeceived and start asking themselves why in the world, why they go to school or they may stop participating in academic activities (Nadia, 2010).Year of StudyThe results for motivation among 3 years of study in UTAR students. This could be due to the differences in age and experience during their study in University. A research done by Uguroglu (1982) and McClure (1986) found that elder students were more stable in certain personality characteristics and have higher achievement motivation and self-control than the younger one (as cited in Habibah Elias Rafaei abdul Rahman, 1995 ).female person stuents hv in general a let on motivation profile and fatigued more fourth dimension studying for their courses. Due to these observations, it is expected that the average female student would be the significant better performer in her first year at university. But it was observed, that the group of female students did not scored better in theirfirst year.Students find increasingly little that is directly germane(predicate) or useful in their daily lives or those students ability depression and goal orientations hammock from being positive and task focused to being more pessimistic and performance focused in their study. Intrinsic motivation is certainly not being supplanted by extrinsic motivation in the second year in University (Lepper, Iyengar Corpus, 2005) .Limitations of the StudyThere have some(prenominal) limitations that are identified during the progress of completing in this study such(prenominal) as that is related to state sample limitations to only one University, with a limited union of student willing or able to go into. It might be more beneficial towards this type of research to have a wider range of University involvement in hopes to have a larger amount of student participants. With a larger amount of participants, this research could possible travel by results that are more inferential and accurate from the data.In addition, there is the neediness of a large sample size within the target population. quite of focusing research efforts on just one University, students from all Kampar,Perak responsibility University or College could be considered as potential participants. It suggested that a larger population yield a larger amount of participants and could potentially lower instances of immaterial flaws thus results are reliable and valid to all state-level University or College populations.On top of that, this research is only focusing on the demographic variable, such as years of study, gender and GPA. Howeve r, there were other variables that might affect the level of motivation and academic performance. For example, classrooms environment, parental-child attachment styles, parental behavior, urban or rural area, peer pressure, courses, faculty, socioeconomic status (SES) and others. Those variables may account for the shift in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.Another possible flaw is an unequal to(predicate) time to collect the questionnaires. Even have give enough time for participants to fill in the questionnaire, but they may not collaboration to participate answering the questionnaire. Additional research is needed in order to get the reliability results and to determine the generalization of such findings to other populations and cultures.Recommendations for Future enquiryWith the conclusion of this study, some possible recommendations for future research haven arisen. In the future, studies could aim to focus on younger demographic where intervention can be assesses and applie d. This would include factors that are currently lacking, like motivation and college academic preparation. This research study disco precise that preparing people for college starts at young age, as archean as elementary school. This information could initiate further research, which aspires at a much younger demographic than the current study. Possible suppuration of interventions for implementing programs that targets for the purpose of college preparation and provide the social support needed for these spring chicken to be motivated to want and attend college could also be explored.Moreover, it is principal(prenominal) assess the absence of parental figures, like with those in prison or who have passed away. For example, if a child is raised by a individual parent, it might be important to narrow down factors and see how comprehend social support and motivation apply to his or her circumstance. Once again by knowing what could contribute to these individuals can further a ssist those implicated in implementing programs that target these particular populations.In the Western countries, researchers are really focusing about youngers education and performance in school, and there have many research talking about this, but yet very few research in Malaysia. Therefore more research should be conducted in order to know more about the students motivation in school, how this can effect on their learning and the perception or early support services for parents. Therefore, future research could be important in finding which variables are contributing to or the level of motivation in homes as children develop ideals for future. This would be helped to improve the education and getting more researches in Malaysia.Conclusion

Explination Of Butlers Thesis :: essays research papers

Bret HribarQ1 only whenlers theory of commit separates both(prenominal) desires into deuce groups, the desire for narcism and the desire for particular affection, which atomic number 18 all other desires like hunger, sleep, or sex. Self-love is a person command desire for happiness, this, as Butler states is an internal desire, a desire for our f depleteure enjoyment and satisf accomplish. Butler separates this desire from the desire for particular affections because these ar all external desires, the desire for objects around us that fulfill those desires. He says that these desires are not based on reason, solely may follow from it. For object lesson a person instinctively wants to eat or drink however may not know why he needs to eat or drink. Therefore that desire for food is not a sensible decision, I should eat now because I need the energy to live, but rather it is an innate desire, I want food because I am hungry.His distinction separates all the desires into the reasoning section of the mind, that a particular action would be in the best following of themselves, self-love, and the animalistic desire for a certain thing. For example a person who wants to smoke a cigarette does so because of the need for nicotine, a particular affection, whereas the person knows the cigarette is bad for them and that they shouldnt smoke, which is self interest.Q2In order to show that all actions are not motivated by self-love Butler gives reasons why all actions might be motivated by self-love and them tries to disprove them. He states that all desires are self motivated, even the ones that get on not to be. A person may donate money to suspensor the less fortunate but they are not motivated to do so because of a need to decr slake someone elses deplorable but are motivated by a need to ease their receive guilt.The point he is making is that all actions done by a person are motivated by the desire for their own happiness and since all desires are ones o wn, all desires must be aimed at self-love.The reason, Butler points out, that this deduction is wrong is due to the target of the desire. Some things are pursued because we know that they will make us happier, the reason or target of this desire is internal, that self motivated action is self love. not all desires are based on our own best interest though, you may hate another person and want to hurt them, but by doing so may not be in your interest, he might break your face.

Determining Ones Fate :: Autobiographies Writing Literature Papers

Determining Ones Fate In his preface to depicting of a Lady (New York Edition) pile commends Turgenevs method of first inventing a region which subsequently offered that geniuss fate (4). It can be said that crowd utilize this procedure to his own autobiography. Having completed of all timey novel he would ever write, he was, theoretically at least, in full possession of his character as a great novelist and therefore able to impose the convention of this fate on his personal history as a crushed male child. As he reviewed his past writing A Small male child and Others, James consciously read into it certain recurring motifs, aided by the power of retrospect to see what was formerly not observable, if even surviving at all. Although Jamess definite interest in writing does not issue until ofttimes later, in the second volume of his autobiography The Middle Years, James as a small boy is presented as a writer, albeit provided unformed, a writer in the embryonic stag e. It is only because the mature autobiographer is provided with hindsight that he is able to cast the small boy in this light, the small boy whose existence slice limited to a meaningless present was not, apparently, directed. James contrives to demonstrate that his early life was not spent idly, however much it might have seemed so to the others. He offers an apology for the fact that at the time of his boyhood his fate was not at all obvious and he had nothing to show but appeared like some commercial traveler who has lost the key to his packed case of samples and can but hap for a fool while other exhibitions go forward. Jamess family and friends, it seems, observed him from place of readers of a novel whose point of view is limited first or third person and whose solution is kept till the end. The autobiographers conceit is to intend the clues which might have revealed his character even then if only angiotensin converting enzyme had been an imaginative enough reader to se e these clues, clues such as his resource for observation and his interest in art. James supports the conceit that he was ceaselessly a writer by sometimes referring to Fate which seems, at first, to be at odds with Jamess acknowledgement that during the process of writing it was his hindsight that imposed the pattern. In any autobiography there is tension involved in the rely to depict life in all it realistic messiness while giving that representation artistic shape.

Dr. Haviland’s A Silence That Kills and Florence King’s I’d Rather Smok

Do you smoke? Such a headway has been asked to most people at one time or another. The thing of sens certainly requires a thorough analysis, whether you smoke or not. Its also an issue which resonatems to polarize people. In this reading well compare distinguish viewpoints by two different exclusives. As I present the arguments, Ill dissect them to truly understand their inner-workings. Both Dr. Haviland and tabby touch on many subjects yet seem to ignore others. I think a balance must be struck when it comes to smoke, both through individual rights and a social responsibility. Id Rather Smoke than Kiss. is Florence Kings truly astute retort to anti-smokers. In this writing she advocates for fume as a simple enjoyable thing to do. To emphasize this she recalls her premier smoking experience, which is for the most part very normal and unexciting. However, this inconsequential banknote is not indicative of the rest of the story. King quickly switches gears a s she goes on the attack. In the first section she labels hatred of smokers as a take a leak of misanthropy which she goes on to say is the most popular form of closet misanthropy in America today (King 32). This perspective is further augmented by the point that she considers second-hand smoke an invention a means for the Passive Americans (King 32), to justify disfavour towards smokers. As she moves into the second section, she begins to document the hostility shown to smokers. Through her own individualised interactions or through examples she views in newspaper articles. King really focuses on the subject of public perception, and while some of the examples validate her perspective, others do not. We see this in her response to a Washington Post article, i... ...r someone to quit. quite of creating ads with the intent purpose to ostracize smokers, we should instead make ads to inform them. The smoking issue is very complicated and some of the arguments are beyond the ambi t of this essay. Still, we can obtain a balanced outlook if we consider the followers the facts of smoking, individual right, societal responsibility, and the stigma of smoking. Haviland and King write essays which contain very important points, but seem to contain a bias which may alienate some people. To truly reach a consensus on the smoking issue, we must be willing to meet each other halfway. We must strike equilibrium between individual right and societal responsibility. work CitedKing, Martin Luther, Jr. I Have a Dream. Current Issues and Enduring Questions. Ed. offer Whitehurst. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2014. 687-690. Print.

hinduism vs. jainism Essay -- essays research papers

Many people believe Hinduism to be a polytheistic religion. This is due to the fact that in that location is so many gods that they empennage worship in. But in all actuality it is really a monotheistic religion that spawns off of one god to form many distinguishable gods or suppositions to worship. The entire religion of Hinduism is based off of brahmin. Brahman is the idea that all reality is a unity. I will explain the sentiment of Brahman and four others and hopefully make Hinduism easier to comprehend.Some have get worded Hinduism as a monotheistic religion, because it recognizes only one supreme God the pantheistic principle of Brahman, that all reality is a unity. The entire cosmos is seen as one divine entity, Brahman. Brahman is simultaneously at one with the universe and Brahman transcends it as well. (www.relgioustolerance.org) Breaking Brahman down is essential, lets look at the previous quote. First of all, pantheistic means that there is a belief in and worship of all gods, which means that Brahman is not a singular image. The quote then goes on to verify that Brahman is throughout the entire universe. This means that Brahman depose be found in infinite objects. This is why people may view Hinduism as polytheistic because of their belief in many objects and ideas. The last profligate says that Brahman not only at one with the universe only also Brahman transcends it. This means that Brahman may be found in on Earth, but he also greater than the concept of Earth. Brahman is on a bigger playing field than that of Earth.Vishnu, cognize as the Preserver, preserves new creations and comes down to Earth during critical propagation in the cosmic cycles. Vishnu is one of the main Hindu gods, worshiped as the protector and preserver of worlds. Vishnu is considered one of the main gods along with Brahman and shivah.Shiva, known as the Destroyer, is at times compassionate, erotic and destructive. One of the principal Hindu deities, Shiva is worshiped as the destroyer and restorer of worlds and in many other forms. Whenever dharma is threatened, Vishnu travels from promised land to earth in one of ten incarnations. Shiva is considered a member of the triad also including Brahma and Vishnu.Dharma is the law of the Hindus. Dharma is the individual obligation with compliance to caste, social custom, civil law, and sacred ... ...as human beings we argon not above any other species. We want to treat every bit of matter as we would want to be treated. This means that to kill some snap off of the universe, whether a cow or a fish is very cock-a-hoop karma. This is why Jains practice such strict vegetarianism. Jains even avoid ingest after sunset so not to kill any bugs unknowingly. This is how fast the practice of Ahisma is.The second principle I want to identify is anekantwad. It can be roughly translated as relativity. Anekantwad basically is the belief that there is no one main idea, no one truth, but many truths that are represented by antithetic viewpoints. Anekantwad is the thought that that there is many different aspects to situations. And, that we shouldnt all look at some things the same way.The triad principal and final term is aparigraha. Aparigraha is the idea of living on as a little as required. Aparigraha is the nonattachment to people and material things. Basically, possessions can have a person. Things of the world can draw up into trouble. Jains believe that the less(prenominal) we have the better off we will be and will be able to escape samsara.

The Last Supper Essay -- Religious Jesus Painting Last Supper Essays

The locomote SupperThe subsist Supper was a very powerful Biblical event, in which deliverer and his disciples gathered for one final dinner together. According to the Bible, important events took out during the Last Supper, including an announcement by Jesus that one of his disciples would betray him and the first base communion. To artists in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, it was necessary to give proper compliance to such notable occurrences. Both Leonardo da Vinci and Jacopo Robusti, known as Tintoretto, took upon the challenge of recreating the Last Supper. While Last Supper by da Vinci and Last Supper by Tintoretto are very similar in subject matter, they dissent in composition, symbolism, and the choice of narrative moment. The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci is the first great foreshadow composition of the High Renaissance and the unambiguous interpretation of its theme. Jesus and his twelve disciples are seated at a long table that is parallel to the picture plane. The room is spacious and peaceful, and delivery boy has his arms spread in disposed trust . The rest of the assemblage is in intense and dramatic excitement, with their hands out in violate and question at Jesus words. The viewer can just flavor the tense excitement sweeping through the groups of disciples. Jesus, the most important figure in the painting, has been placed in front of three windows that are in the back of the room, and he is framed by the cen...

Free College Essays - Lusting After Ladies at the A&P :: A&P Essays

Does lust lead to wickedship and vacuity? In this paper (do you mean this paper or John Updikes A& axerophtholP?) Sammy has a sexual appetite that causes him problems. His worship of a womans (careful with placement of possessive apostrophe) body causes him to misplace his values and center only on whizz value. This value is his lustful pleasure he gets when he sees three girls in their skimpy swimsuits. The pleasure he receives outweighs the consequence of emptiness he in conclusion feels after he defends those girls and they do not respond to his pleasurable feelings. Updike in his short story A&P uses characterization to expatiate that heroics based upon animalistic sexual appetite, which objectifies women, will lead to a hard and unsuccessful life. Updike uses the characterization of Sammy to illustrate that animalistic sexual appetite objectifies women. Sammy describes Queenie in a sexual manner when he described (try to avoid use the same word twice in a single conv iction try a synonym--to find synonyms theres a cool thesaurus webcite by Merrium Webster at www.m-w.com also note that you pass shifted from present to past tense here when writing on art you normally stay in the present tense throughout) Queenies body and bathing suit. He says (missing the proper punctuation mark after says if you kept your Holt handbook you should be able to look up punctuation with quotations) With the straps pushed off, there was nothing between the crystallize of the suit and the extend of her head except just her, this clean bare plane of the top of her chest down from the shoulder bones like a turn sheet of metal tilted in the light (13). (dont forget that MLA entitle demands that you put the page number of each quote in parentheses promptly after each quote) Sammy describes this as more than pretty. His sexual appetite is geared in not seeing these three girls as people however as objects. Sammy sees these women as icons to lust after just like in an eastern orthodox church where they have icons of Jesus and Mary that you stool have as objects to focus on and worship. Sammy in effect is development these women as objects to lust after and thus worship human sexuality. He sees these women as objects of pleasure thus fueling his animalistic sexual appetite. (I have a couple of comments on the preceding passage--which Ive colored blue.

Catholicism in Eighteenth-Century England Essays -- European Europe Hi

Catholicism in Eighteenth-Century EnglandFebruary hath twenty-eight DaysRouze, Protestants, the Year of Wonders gone,Great George is now build upd on the ThroneA Mighty Prince, by deity for us prepard,Us to preserve from Dangers greatly feardFrom popery the Devils great Master Fear,Where Men are Slaves, and Priests their Gods do eat . . . (Mullan and Reid 2000, 173) This poem, published in John Partridges almanac Merlinus Liberatus for 1717, shows the common feeling amongst the English Protestants towards Catholics. The term Popery was actually a hostile term for anything relating to Catholicism (Popery). Although many other countries in europium were moving toward more modern, secular governments, the English were not prepared to allow go of old prejudices so easily. One of the problems between Protestants and Catholics in England was that the self-image of the Protestant elite comprised not only religious doctrine and providential history, exclusively consti tutional theory and a concern for cultural and economic returns the Catholic case represented a challenge in to each one of these areas (McBride 2003). During the eighteenth century, Protestants in England felt that they had endured persecution from the Catholics and so justified their resentment and intolerance. This thinking can be seen in anti-Catholic literature published during this period. The Kalendar, of the Cruelties of the Papists to Protestants also from 1717, reports July. Altho the persist in this month was hot, yet the Persecution of poor Protestants by the Papists was much hotter, as you may see by following List of Martyrs who underwent fiery Trials, because they would not turn Papists and ... ... 1882.MacCaffrey, Rev. James. From the Renaissance to the French Revolution. History of the Catholic Church, 2000. cited November 19, 2003. Available from homo Wide vane (http//catholicity.elcore.net/MacCaffery/HCCRFR2_Chapter%2005.html)McBride, Ian. The Language of Liberty 1660-1822 Anti-Catholicism in 18th-Century England and Catholicism in a Protestant Kingdom. History Today, 2003. cited November 18, 2003 Available from World Wide Web (http//www.historytoday.com/index.cfm?articleid=16961)Mullen, John and Christopher Reid, Ed. Eighteenth-Century Popular Culture. Oxford University Press, 2000.Popery. Oxford English Dictionary online, 2000. cited on November 17, 2003. Oxford University Press, 1989.Woloch, Isser. Eighteenth-Century Europe impost and Progress, 1715-1789. Norton and Company Press New York, 1982.

Male Superiority within Domestic Life :: essays research papers

masculine Superiority within Domestic LifeThroughout the book To the beacon light by Virginia Woolf, there are many burdens upon relationships in the storyline. One much(prenominal) burden is that of male favorable position through the belief of male superiority relationships are stressed because males constantly need to prove that they are bankrupt then females. This stress causes bothers within marriages and affects the domestic life of husbands and wives. The unspoken problem between the sexes causes tension and affects thoughts shown within internal monologues more then it promptly affects up to nowts. Men in this novel need discernment from the women in separate to prove their superiority because by getting sympathy from a woman the man is acting superior over the woman. Mr. Ramsey proves this fact when he plant to receive Lilys sympathy. This is shown when Lily thinks, You shant touch your canvas, he seemed to say, bearing fell on her, until youve leadn me what I want from you (150) roughly Mr. Ramsey as he approaches her while she is painting. In this scene what Mr. Ramsey wants from Lily is sympathy and he acts as if he is in control over Lily and therefore can force her to give him sympathy. Eventually, Lily gives Mr. Ramsay the sympathy he wants which is shown when she thinks to herself, Why, at this completely inappropriate moment, when he was corrupt over her shoe, should she be so tormented with sympathy for him that, as she round-shouldered too, the blood rushed to her face and thinking of her callousness (she had called him a play-actor) she mat up her eyes swell and tingle with tears? (154) and thus feels sympathy for Mr. Ramsay even when she decidedly did not want to. Not only does Lily feel sympathy for Mr. Ramsay but she also feels bad about thinking negatively about him. Lilys feeling of guilt shows Mr. Ramsay being superior to her that is in contort an example of male supremacy. During the dinner table discussion, Mr. Tan sley shows male supremacy when he thinks, he was not going to talk the kind of rot these multitude wanted him to talk. He was not going to be condescended by these ridiculous women (85). Mr. Tansleys thoughts in this quotation show that he is putting himself preceding(prenominal) women by staying independent of their conversation therefore showing that they have no power over him. Mr. Tansley continues to exhibit male supremacy when his need to tramp himself arises.

An Evaluation of Case Studies and Their Contribution to Cognitive Neuro

cognitive psychological science is the study of the mindsets internal processes that guide behaviour to study cognition, psychologists examine berth studies of patients with damaged brains that crapper infer areas, and lasts involved in particular processes. long-suffering studies have provided insights into the processes that reward place within our minds, and have enabled psychologists to create models, which can be tested and fractionated. cognitive neuropsychological science has developed from cognitive psychology to become a discipline in its own right it investigates the function and structures of the brain involved in cognitive processes and should not be complicated with cognitive neuroscience, which is primarily concerned with neural structures and their functions. cognitive psychologists investigate processes development case studies of brain-damaged patients, these are then analysed to build models that represent normal cognitive processes. This essay will exam ine the contribution case studies have do to the development of cognitive neuropsychology as a discipline in its own right and draw attention to issues surrounding the use of brain damaged patients to infer cognitive functions and processes. At the same time, it will assess the contribution that case studies have made to our understanding of cognitive processes.Cognitive processes are the un chew the fatn systems used by our minds to complete tasks such as solving problems, recognising an object, or learning a language. These unseen mental processes take place in the brain, which is a complex piece of equipment often compared to a computer. When the internal relieve oneselfings of a computer are exposed, all that we see are microchips, circuit boards, hard drives and other assorted pieces, which, all work and ... ...gy therefore, case studies have contributed to the development of this branch of psychology as a discipline in its own right.Works CitedCaramazza, A., & Coltheart , M. (2006). Cognitive Neuropsychology xx years on. Cognitive Neuropsychology, Vol. 23, pp. 3-12.Gazzaniga, M. (2011). Interview with Michael Gazzaniga. Year in Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol. 1224, pp.1-8. Jansari, A. (2010). Cognitive neuropsychology In H. Kaye (Ed.), Cognitive Psychology Methods Companion (2nd ed., pp.59-101), Milton Keynes The Open University.McKone, E., Kanwisher, N. & Duchaine, B. C. (2007). target generic expertise explain special processing for faces?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol 11, pp.8-15.Young, A. W., Newcombe, F., Haan, E., Small, M., & Hay, D. C. (1993). Face perception after brain injury. Brain A diary of Neurology, Vol. 116, pp. 941-959.

Saint Augustine :: Saint Augustine Religion Doctrines Essays

The doctrine of the Divine Unity is a truth of inwrought religion the doctrine of the Trinity is a truth of revealed religion. The various systems of natural theism present arguments for the Divine existence, unity, and attributes, but proceed no further. They do not assert and endeavor to demonstrate that the Supreme Being is three persons in one essence. It is because this doctrine is not discoverable by kind discernment, that the Christian church has been somewhat shy of sweats to construct it analytically or up to now to defend it upon grounds of reason. The keen Dr. South expresses the common sentiment, when he remarks that as he that denies this fundamental article of the Christian religion may fall away his soul, so he that much strives to understand it may lose his wits. until now all the truths of revelation, like those of natural religion, have in them the element of reason, and ar capable of a rational defense. At the very least their self-consistence privy be sh own, and objections to them can be answered. And this is a rational process. For one of the surest characteristics of reason is, freedom from self contradiction, and consonance with acknowledged truths in other provinces of human inquiry and belief.It is a remarkable fact, that the earlier forms of Trinitarianism are among the most metaphysical and speculative of some(prenominal) in dogmatic recital. The controversy with the Arian and the Semi-Arian, brought out a statement and defense of the truth, not only upon scriptural but ontological grounds. Such a powerful dialectician as Athanasius, while thoroughly and intensely scripturalwhile starting from the text of scripture, and subjecting it to a rigorous exegesisdid not hesitate to pursue the Arian and Semi-Arian dialectics to its most recondite fallacy in its subtlest recesses. If any one doubts this, let him read the four Orations of Athanasius, and his defence of the Nicene Decrees. In some sections of Christendom, it has been contended that the doctrine of the Trinity should be received without any attempt at all to establish its rationality and intrinsic necessity. In this case, the tenets of thoroughgoing(a) generation and procession have been regarded as going beyond the rule book data, and if not positively rejected, have been thought to hinder rather than sanction faith in three divine persons and one God. But the history of opinions shows that such sections of the church have not proved to be the strongest defenders of the record statement, nor the most successful in keeping clear of the Sabellian, Arian, or sluice Socinian departure from it.

Free Essays: Impact of the Word on Dickinson :: Biography Biographies Essays

Impact of the Word on Dickinson In Donald E. Thackreys essay The Communication of the Word, he talks about how the power of the unmarried word, in particular, identifyms to have inspired her with nothing less than reverence (51). Dickinson approached her poem inductively, that is, she combined lecture to arrive at whatever conclusion the patterns of the words suggested, rather than starting out with a specific theme or message. Instead of purposefully working toward a final philosophical point, Dickinson favourite(a) to use series of staccato inspirations (51). Dickinson frequently used words with free weight in her work, and as a result her works usually cannot be grasped fully in one reading without dissecting each word individually. lots Dickinson would compile large, alternative word lists for a poetry before she would watch to a decision on which word was just right for the electric shock she wished to achieve (52). For example, this poem displays Dickinsons use of alt ernative, thesaurus-like lists Had but the tale a thrilling, typic, hearty, bonnie, breathless, spacious, tropic, warbling, ardent, friendly, magic, pungent, winning, mellow teller All the boys would come Orpheuss sermon captivated, It did not condemn. Eventually, Dickinson came to rest on the word warbling, but one can see the meticulous care that she put into the decision on which word to use. other poem of Dickinsons that shows her compositional method is Shall I Take Thee? the Poet Said. In this poem, Dickinson discusses from where the power of the world comes. Shall I take thee? the poet said To the propounded word. Be stationed with the candidates work on I have further tried. The poet probed philology And when about to ring For the suspend candidate, There came unsummoned in That portion of the vision The word applied to fill. not unto nomination The cherubim reveal. In the preceding poem, one can see the exquisite style come through her compos ition. The best representation of that particular head comes from the author Donald Thackrey when he says It is significant that the revealed word comes unsummoned in a split second of intuition.and yet the implication of the poem is that the revealing of the word essential be preceded by the preparatory, conscious, rational effort of probing philologyShe Dickinson herself was tumefy aware that inspiration, while all-sufficient when present, seldom came even to a great poet.

Cold War :: essays papers

glacial War wrangle the Cold War events of the 1950s.The 1950s full of events and conflicts, the main one organism the Cold War between the regular army and the USSR. Events that lead up to the organic tension during the cold war, were relations with the Vietnamese. The Vietnam War took prepare over a battle for communistic prevention. The fear of communism spreading tied in with the relations dealing with the USSRs communistic society. In Europe there were revolts against communism as well. East Germany was revolting in 1953, along with Poland and Hungary in 1956, who got crushed by the Soviet army. The American government did not come in with these conflicts for fear of starting a war.The Cold War also took place in the Middle East. Both Jews and Arabs proclaimed it as their homeland. While financial backing Israel, the American Government worked to prevent other stronger, oil-rich countries from falling into communist rule. In addition to this was when the Americ an and British forces, cut off aid to Egypt, callable to the fact that the ruler that was seeking Soviet support. In 1956 British and French forces attacked Egypt to gain control of the Suez-Canal. Reacting to this situation the USSR, threatened the US and Britain, so Eisenhower persuaded his consort to withdraw.The Cold War also took place in Latin America. USA spread their influence into South America, setting up American organizations in South American, the US could stick a foot in the penetration of communism. When the Americans overthrew the Guatemalan government, the Soviet Union got furious. They felt that the American Government was escalating the Cold War. In 1958 Fidel Castro overthrew the present Cuban dictator, resulting in the United States becoming dotty again.

Roman Times :: essays research papers

MOM IN THE JACUZZIIt was not until I aim my first erotic story some mothers and sons, that my florists chrysanthemum became my object of desire. I cannot describe my Mother as a sex goddess. She is the typical forty-something, with brownish hair and eyes, rough five foot and two inches tall, and weights 130 lbs. Mom just oozes motherhood. Her one enduring physical quality is her big breast. Theyre not large. Theyre just really nice. So now each sons dilemma, how do you form your mother? I kept a small collection of magazines about family encounters to fuel my imagination and to help plan the ultimate seduction. I fantasized about many scenarios with my Mom, but one of my biggest fears was that my Mom or Dad would incur the magazines. Fortunately, as an only child, I was spoiled with a large sleeping room and bath in the full-basement of my parents ranch style home. I had plenty of privacy, which is weighty to a college student living at home. The only draw brook was that the laundry room was located between my room and the bath, and about triple times a week, I had to endure my Mom doing laundry, while I tried to sleep. After four years of fantasizing, opportunity knocked. I was rest in the middle of our living room, massaging Moms shoulders, while talking with both my parents. nil erotic about the massage, it was just a chance for me to touch my Mother. I mentioned that Mom should get in the Jacuzzi. I said, that I had not been in the tub for months, and I asked Dad if the water was ready. He replied that the tub was plum and ready for use. My Mom then said, that she got into the tub every day. I responded by questioning when, and stated, that I havent seen any bathing suites hanging up to dry. She replied, every morning when your Dad leaves for work, and that she doesnt wear a bathing suite. My mind started race with images of my Mom skinny dipping in the hot tub, and me sleeping through the intact thing. As luck would have it the next two d ays were Saturday and Sunday, and my atomic number 91 was home. Monday morning I was standing at my bedroom door auditory sense to my Dad drive off to work. A few minutes later, I heard my Mom walk out side heading for the Jacuzzi.

The ?Way? As Seen In Taoism And Confucianism Essay -- essays research

Taoism and Confucianism are both very complex and measurable religions of their time. Both mainly Asian religions, these creeds were more prominent in the quantify they were developed then they are today. Each of these religions had a certain touch sensation that there was a Way that things should happen and should work so that trade good and peace will regulate in the world. Confucius was the ensnareer of Confucianism. His works were taught in the Confucian Analects. His sense of mission to be a human among some other humans. He was said to have fortune cookie knowledge and was value by many people, including his many followers. Lao Tzu is the founder of Taoism. His teachings are found from the Te-tao-ching. Lao Tzu beliefs were nature based around nature. Each of these teachers taught a long deal to their followers about their beliefs and we see that through the works they go forth behind. Confucius was willing to teach and learn with anyone who came to him once he even accredited an uncapped youth though he stated that he was not responsible for what the youth did when he left. He once struck a man who was waiting for him in a sprawling position in the shins with his staff, declaring that youths that show no respect for their elders achieve nothing, and those who merely get erstwhile(a) are useless pests. He observed that one youth seemed to be more interested in growing up quickly than in improving himself....